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Kubernetes 技能图谱

Container basics (容器技术基础)

  • Linux Operating System Basic
  • Linux Process Management (Linux进程管理)
  • Cgroups
  • Linux Namespaces
  • Rootfs & Container Image
  • Image Registry

Kubernetes architecture (Kubernetes 架构)

Node

Kubelet

  • Runtime (容器运行时)
    • CRI (Container Runtime Interface)
    • Runtime shims (容器运行时插件)
      • Cri-containerd (containerd)
      • Dockershim (Docker)
      • Cri-o (runC)
      • Rktlet (rkt)
      • Frakti (KataContainers)
    • RuntimeClass (新特性:容器运行时类)
  • Networking
    • CNI (Container Network Interface)
    • Linux Network Namespace
    • Network plugins (网络插件)
      • Flannel
      • Calico
      • OVS
      • SR-IOV
      • macvlan/ipvlan
      • Opencontrail
      • Weave
      • Cilium (新插件,支持BPF,推荐)
  • Storage
    • CSI (Container Storage Interface)
    • Persistent Volume & Persistent Volume Claim
    • Volume plugins (存储插件,仅负责提供PV)
      • NFS
      • Cinder
      • GlusterFS
      • Ceph
      • Local path
    • Volume extenstion (存储扩展,负责提供完整的Storage方案)
      • Rook.io
  • Kube-proxy
    • Iptables 转发链与随机模式
    • IPVS 负载均衡

Master

  • API server
    • Watch & Informer (Watch 和通知框架)
    • Admission Plugin(权限控制插件)
    • RBAC plugin (基于角色的访问控制插件)
    • Custom Resource Definition (新特性,CRD,自定义API对象,重点推荐)
    • APIServer aggregator (新特性,聚合APIServer,推荐)
  • Controller manager
    • Reconcile (控制循环与状态协调机制)
  • Scheduler
    • Scheduling algorithm (默认调度算法)
    • Scheduler extender (调度器扩展器)
    • Custom algorithm (自定义调度算法)
    • Custom scheduler (自定义调度器)
    • Scheduler Framework (新特性,可扩展调度框架,推荐)
    • Multiple scheduler (多调度器)
  • Etcd
    • Etcd operator
    • Etcd performance tuning

Kubernetes workloads (Kubernetes 作业管理)

  • Pod
  • ReplicaSet (容器副本)
  • Deployment (常规作业发布)
    • Rolling update (自动的滚动更新)
    • Pause/resume (可控的更新流程)
    • Canary deploy (金丝雀发布)
    • Rollback (版本回滚)
  • DaemonSet (Daemon 作业)
  • StatefulSet (有状态任务)
    • Topology State
    • Storage State
  • Job (一次性任务)
  • CronJob (定时任务)

Kubernetes applications management (Kubernetes 应用配置)

  • Service (服务发现)
    • Publish service(对外暴露 Service)
    • Nginx/HAproxy service(自定义 Service)
    • External Load Balancer
  • ConfigMap (应用配置管理)
  • Ingress (7层服务发现)
  • Secret (加密信息管理)
  • Headless Service(DNS 服务发现)
  • External Load Balancer

Kubernetes operations (Kubernetes 安装与运维)

  • Installation
    • Kubeadm (内置部署工具,推荐)
    • Minikube (本地部署工具)
    • Kops (云端部署工具)
  • Maintenances
    • Garbage Collection (垃圾回收)
      • Container GC
      • Image GC
  • Upgrades
  • Troubleshooting
    • etcd admin
      • Key-value CRUD(键值对操作)
      • Metrics monitoring (Metrics 监控)
      • Cluster design(集群规划)
      • Disaster Recovery (灾难恢复,backup 和 restore)
    • Iptables rules

Kubernetes extensions/add-ons (Kubernetes 扩展和插件)

  • Custom Resources Definition (自定义 Kubernetes API 对象)
    • Customized controller (自定义 API 对象控制器)
    • Workqueue (自定义 API 对象任务队列)
  • Kube-dns
    • SkyDNS
    • CoreDNS
  • Fluentd (日志收集)
    • Fluent-bit
  • Heapster (容器集群监控)
  • Istio(微服务治理和负载均衡)
  • Federation v2(新特性:集群联邦v2)
  • Helm (kubernetes application package)

Kubernetes CI/CD

  • Spinnaker
  • Skaffold (新项目,推荐)

Kubernetes PaaS

  • OpenShift
  • Knative (新项目,推荐)