diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 4de16749af6..f4a773c3d8c 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 * [FEATURE] Continuous-test: now runable as a module with `mimir -target=continuous-test`. #7747
 * [FEATURE] Store-gateway: Allow specific tenants to be enabled or disabled via `-store-gateway.enabled-tenants` or `-store-gateway.disabled-tenants` CLI flags or their corresponding YAML settings. #7653
 * [FEATURE] New `-<prefix>.s3.bucket-lookup-type` flag configures lookup style type, used to access bucket in s3 compatible providers. #7684
-* [FEATURE] Querier: add experimental streaming PromQL engine, enabled with `-querier.promql-engine=streaming`. #7693 #7898 #7899 #8023 #8058 #8096 #8121
+* [FEATURE] Querier: add experimental streaming PromQL engine, enabled with `-querier.promql-engine=streaming`. #7693 #7898 #7899 #8023 #8058 #8096 #8121 #8197
 * [FEATURE] New `/ingester/unregister-on-shutdown` HTTP endpoint allows dynamic access to ingesters' `-ingester.ring.unregister-on-shutdown` configuration. #7739
 * [FEATURE] Server: added experimental [PROXY protocol support](https://www.haproxy.org/download/2.3/doc/proxy-protocol.txt). The PROXY protocol support can be enabled via `-server.proxy-protocol-enabled=true`. When enabled, the support is added both to HTTP and gRPC listening ports. #7698
 * [FEATURE] mimirtool: Add `runtime-config verify` sub-command, for verifying Mimir runtime config files. #8123
diff --git a/pkg/streamingpromql/engine.go b/pkg/streamingpromql/engine.go
index d3e7c455d73..78a7bf5d41c 100644
--- a/pkg/streamingpromql/engine.go
+++ b/pkg/streamingpromql/engine.go
@@ -37,11 +37,13 @@ func NewEngine(opts promql.EngineOpts) (promql.QueryEngine, error) {
 
 	return &Engine{
 		lookbackDelta: lookbackDelta,
+		timeout:       opts.Timeout,
 	}, nil
 }
 
 type Engine struct {
 	lookbackDelta time.Duration
+	timeout       time.Duration
 }
 
 func (e *Engine) NewInstantQuery(_ context.Context, q storage.Queryable, opts promql.QueryOpts, qs string, ts time.Time) (promql.Query, error) {
diff --git a/pkg/streamingpromql/engine_test.go b/pkg/streamingpromql/engine_test.go
index 9b3f342313a..550cfb33ba1 100644
--- a/pkg/streamingpromql/engine_test.go
+++ b/pkg/streamingpromql/engine_test.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ package streamingpromql
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"io/fs"
 	"os"
@@ -14,6 +15,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/timestamp"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/promql"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/promql/promqltest"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/util/annotations"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	"github.com/grafana/mimir/pkg/streamingpromql/compat"
@@ -282,3 +285,167 @@ func TestRangeVectorSelectors(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestQueryCancellation(t *testing.T) {
+	opts := NewTestEngineOpts()
+	engine, err := NewEngine(opts)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Simulate the query being cancelled by another goroutine by waiting for the Select() call to be made,
+	// then cancel the query and wait for the query context to be cancelled.
+	//
+	// In both this test and production, we rely on the underlying storage responding to the context cancellation -
+	// we don't explicitly check for context cancellation in the query engine.
+	var q promql.Query
+	queryable := cancellationQueryable{func() {
+		q.Cancel()
+	}}
+
+	q, err = engine.NewInstantQuery(context.Background(), queryable, nil, "some_metric", timestamp.Time(0))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer q.Close()
+
+	res := q.Exec(context.Background())
+
+	require.Error(t, res.Err)
+	require.ErrorIs(t, res.Err, context.Canceled)
+	require.EqualError(t, res.Err, "context canceled: query execution cancelled")
+	require.Nil(t, res.Value)
+}
+
+func TestQueryTimeout(t *testing.T) {
+	opts := NewTestEngineOpts()
+	opts.Timeout = 20 * time.Millisecond
+	engine, err := NewEngine(opts)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Simulate the query doing some work and check that the query context has been cancelled.
+	//
+	// In both this test and production, we rely on the underlying storage responding to the context cancellation -
+	// we don't explicitly check for context cancellation in the query engine.
+	var q promql.Query
+	queryable := cancellationQueryable{func() {
+		time.Sleep(opts.Timeout * 10)
+	}}
+
+	q, err = engine.NewInstantQuery(context.Background(), queryable, nil, "some_metric", timestamp.Time(0))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer q.Close()
+
+	res := q.Exec(context.Background())
+
+	require.Error(t, res.Err)
+	require.ErrorIs(t, res.Err, context.DeadlineExceeded)
+	require.EqualError(t, res.Err, "context deadline exceeded: query timed out")
+	require.Nil(t, res.Value)
+}
+
+type cancellationQueryable struct {
+	onQueried func()
+}
+
+func (w cancellationQueryable) Querier(_, _ int64) (storage.Querier, error) {
+	// nolint:gosimple
+	return cancellationQuerier{onQueried: w.onQueried}, nil
+}
+
+type cancellationQuerier struct {
+	onQueried func()
+}
+
+func (w cancellationQuerier) LabelValues(ctx context.Context, _ string, _ ...*labels.Matcher) ([]string, annotations.Annotations, error) {
+	return nil, nil, w.waitForCancellation(ctx)
+}
+
+func (w cancellationQuerier) LabelNames(ctx context.Context, _ ...*labels.Matcher) ([]string, annotations.Annotations, error) {
+	return nil, nil, w.waitForCancellation(ctx)
+}
+
+func (w cancellationQuerier) Select(ctx context.Context, _ bool, _ *storage.SelectHints, _ ...*labels.Matcher) storage.SeriesSet {
+	return storage.ErrSeriesSet(w.waitForCancellation(ctx))
+}
+
+func (w cancellationQuerier) Close() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (w cancellationQuerier) waitForCancellation(ctx context.Context) error {
+	w.onQueried()
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return context.Cause(ctx)
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		return errors.New("expected query context to be cancelled after 1 second, but it was not")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestQueryContextCancelledOnceQueryFinished(t *testing.T) {
+	opts := NewTestEngineOpts()
+	engine, err := NewEngine(opts)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	storage := promqltest.LoadedStorage(t, `
+		load 1m
+			some_metric 0+1x4
+	`)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { require.NoError(t, storage.Close()) })
+
+	queryable := &contextCapturingQueryable{inner: storage}
+
+	q, err := engine.NewInstantQuery(context.Background(), queryable, nil, "some_metric", timestamp.Time(0))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer q.Close()
+
+	res := q.Exec(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, res.Err)
+	require.NotNil(t, res.Value)
+
+	contextErr := queryable.capturedContext.Err()
+	require.Equal(t, context.Canceled, contextErr)
+
+	contextCause := context.Cause(queryable.capturedContext)
+	require.ErrorIs(t, contextCause, context.Canceled)
+	require.EqualError(t, contextCause, "context canceled: query execution finished")
+}
+
+type contextCapturingQueryable struct {
+	capturedContext context.Context
+	inner           storage.Queryable
+}
+
+func (q *contextCapturingQueryable) Querier(mint, maxt int64) (storage.Querier, error) {
+	innerQuerier, err := q.inner.Querier(mint, maxt)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &contextCapturingQuerier{
+		queryable: q,
+		inner:     innerQuerier,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+type contextCapturingQuerier struct {
+	queryable *contextCapturingQueryable
+	inner     storage.Querier
+}
+
+func (q *contextCapturingQuerier) LabelValues(ctx context.Context, name string, matchers ...*labels.Matcher) ([]string, annotations.Annotations, error) {
+	q.queryable.capturedContext = ctx
+	return q.inner.LabelValues(ctx, name, matchers...)
+}
+
+func (q *contextCapturingQuerier) LabelNames(ctx context.Context, matchers ...*labels.Matcher) ([]string, annotations.Annotations, error) {
+	q.queryable.capturedContext = ctx
+	return q.inner.LabelNames(ctx, matchers...)
+}
+
+func (q *contextCapturingQuerier) Select(ctx context.Context, sortSeries bool, hints *storage.SelectHints, matchers ...*labels.Matcher) storage.SeriesSet {
+	q.queryable.capturedContext = ctx
+	return q.inner.Select(ctx, sortSeries, hints, matchers...)
+}
+
+func (q *contextCapturingQuerier) Close() error {
+	return q.inner.Close()
+}
diff --git a/pkg/streamingpromql/operator/instant_vector_selector.go b/pkg/streamingpromql/operator/instant_vector_selector.go
index d4903272bb4..63b9ec25791 100644
--- a/pkg/streamingpromql/operator/instant_vector_selector.go
+++ b/pkg/streamingpromql/operator/instant_vector_selector.go
@@ -34,13 +34,13 @@ func (v *InstantVectorSelector) SeriesMetadata(ctx context.Context) ([]SeriesMet
 	return v.Selector.SeriesMetadata(ctx)
 }
 
-func (v *InstantVectorSelector) NextSeries(_ context.Context) (InstantVectorSeriesData, error) {
+func (v *InstantVectorSelector) NextSeries(ctx context.Context) (InstantVectorSeriesData, error) {
 	if v.memoizedIterator == nil {
 		v.memoizedIterator = storage.NewMemoizedEmptyIterator(v.Selector.LookbackDelta.Milliseconds())
 	}
 
 	var err error
-	v.chunkIterator, err = v.Selector.Next(v.chunkIterator)
+	v.chunkIterator, err = v.Selector.Next(ctx, v.chunkIterator)
 	if err != nil {
 		return InstantVectorSeriesData{}, err
 	}
diff --git a/pkg/streamingpromql/operator/range_vector_selector.go b/pkg/streamingpromql/operator/range_vector_selector.go
index 9d80eba9097..9285660dbc0 100644
--- a/pkg/streamingpromql/operator/range_vector_selector.go
+++ b/pkg/streamingpromql/operator/range_vector_selector.go
@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ func (m *RangeVectorSelector) Range() time.Duration {
 	return m.Selector.Range
 }
 
-func (m *RangeVectorSelector) NextSeries(_ context.Context) error {
+func (m *RangeVectorSelector) NextSeries(ctx context.Context) error {
 	var err error
-	m.chunkIterator, err = m.Selector.Next(m.chunkIterator)
+	m.chunkIterator, err = m.Selector.Next(ctx, m.chunkIterator)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
diff --git a/pkg/streamingpromql/operator/selector.go b/pkg/streamingpromql/operator/selector.go
index 8225daa0992..4d306785397 100644
--- a/pkg/streamingpromql/operator/selector.go
+++ b/pkg/streamingpromql/operator/selector.go
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ type Selector struct {
 
 	querier storage.Querier
 	series  *seriesList
+
+	seriesIdx int
 }
 
 func (s *Selector) SeriesMetadata(ctx context.Context) ([]SeriesMetadata, error) {
@@ -83,11 +85,20 @@ func (s *Selector) SeriesMetadata(ctx context.Context) ([]SeriesMetadata, error)
 	return s.series.ToSeriesMetadata(), ss.Err()
 }
 
-func (s *Selector) Next(existing chunkenc.Iterator) (chunkenc.Iterator, error) {
+func (s *Selector) Next(ctx context.Context, existing chunkenc.Iterator) (chunkenc.Iterator, error) {
 	if s.series.Len() == 0 {
 		return nil, EOS
 	}
 
+	s.seriesIdx++
+
+	// Only check for cancellation every 128 series. This avoids a (relatively) expensive check on every iteration, but aborts
+	// queries quickly enough when cancelled.
+	// See https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/pull/14118 for more explanation of why we use 128 (rather than say 100).
+	if s.seriesIdx%128 == 0 && ctx.Err() != nil {
+		return nil, context.Cause(ctx)
+	}
+
 	return s.series.Pop().Iterator(existing), nil
 }
 
diff --git a/pkg/streamingpromql/query.go b/pkg/streamingpromql/query.go
index 93f424049b9..e2a7623e0c3 100644
--- a/pkg/streamingpromql/query.go
+++ b/pkg/streamingpromql/query.go
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/grafana/dskit/cancellation"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/timestamp"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/promql"
@@ -23,6 +24,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/grafana/mimir/pkg/streamingpromql/operator"
 )
 
+var errQueryCancelled = cancellation.NewErrorf("query execution cancelled")
+var errQueryClosed = cancellation.NewErrorf("Query.Close() called")
+var errQueryFinished = cancellation.NewErrorf("query execution finished")
+
 type Query struct {
 	queryable storage.Queryable
 	opts      promql.QueryOpts
@@ -30,6 +35,7 @@ type Query struct {
 	root      operator.Operator
 	engine    *Engine
 	qs        string
+	cancel    context.CancelCauseFunc
 
 	result *promql.Result
 }
@@ -240,6 +246,20 @@ func (q *Query) IsInstant() bool {
 func (q *Query) Exec(ctx context.Context) *promql.Result {
 	defer q.root.Close()
 
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancelCause(ctx)
+	q.cancel = cancel
+
+	if q.engine.timeout != 0 {
+		var cancelTimeoutCtx context.CancelFunc
+		ctx, cancelTimeoutCtx = context.WithTimeoutCause(ctx, q.engine.timeout, fmt.Errorf("%w: query timed out", context.DeadlineExceeded))
+
+		defer cancelTimeoutCtx()
+	}
+
+	// The order of the deferred cancellations is important: we want to cancel with errQueryFinished first, so we must defer this cancellation last
+	// (so that it runs before the cancellation of the context with timeout created above).
+	defer cancel(errQueryFinished)
+
 	series, err := q.root.SeriesMetadata(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return &promql.Result{Err: err}
@@ -392,6 +412,10 @@ func (q *Query) populateMatrixFromRangeVectorOperator(ctx context.Context, o ope
 }
 
 func (q *Query) Close() {
+	if q.cancel != nil {
+		q.cancel(errQueryClosed)
+	}
+
 	if q.result == nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -421,7 +445,9 @@ func (q *Query) Stats() *stats.Statistics {
 }
 
 func (q *Query) Cancel() {
-	// Not yet supported.
+	if q.cancel != nil {
+		q.cancel(errQueryCancelled)
+	}
 }
 
 func (q *Query) String() string {