diff --git a/lib/internal/test_runner/harness.js b/lib/internal/test_runner/harness.js
index 45dd90e..a4112c2 100644
--- a/lib/internal/test_runner/harness.js
+++ b/lib/internal/test_runner/harness.js
@@ -129,7 +129,8 @@ function getGlobalRoot () {
 }
 
 function test (name, options, fn) {
-  const subtest = getGlobalRoot().createSubtest(Test, name, options, fn)
+  const parent = testResources.get(executionAsyncId()) || getGlobalRoot()
+  const subtest = parent.createSubtest(Test, name, options, fn)
   return subtest.start()
 }
 
diff --git a/test/message/test_runner_desctibe_it.js b/test/message/test_runner_desctibe_it.js
index d8c1bb3..304a672 100644
--- a/test/message/test_runner_desctibe_it.js
+++ b/test/message/test_runner_desctibe_it.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 'use strict'
 require('../common')
 const assert = require('node:assert')
-const { describe, it } = require('#node:test')
+const { describe, it, test } = require('node:test')
 const util = require('util')
 
 it.todo('sync pass todo', () => {
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ it('async pass', async () => {
 
 })
 
+test('mixing describe/it and test should work', () => {})
+
 it('async throw fail', async () => {
   throw new Error('thrown from async throw fail')
 })
@@ -95,6 +97,7 @@ describe('subtest sync throw fail', () => {
   it('+sync throw fail', () => {
     throw new Error('thrown from subtest sync throw fail')
   })
+  test('mixing describe/it and test should work', () => {})
 })
 
 it('sync throw non-error fail', async () => {
@@ -106,7 +109,7 @@ describe('level 0a', { concurrency: 4 }, () => {
     const p1a = new Promise((resolve) => {
       setTimeout(() => {
         resolve()
-      }, 1000)
+      }, 100)
     })
 
     return p1a
@@ -124,7 +127,7 @@ describe('level 0a', { concurrency: 4 }, () => {
     const p1c = new Promise((resolve) => {
       setTimeout(() => {
         resolve()
-      }, 2000)
+      }, 200)
     })
 
     return p1c
@@ -134,7 +137,7 @@ describe('level 0a', { concurrency: 4 }, () => {
     const p1c = new Promise((resolve) => {
       setTimeout(() => {
         resolve()
-      }, 1500)
+      }, 150)
     })
 
     return p1c
@@ -143,7 +146,7 @@ describe('level 0a', { concurrency: 4 }, () => {
   const p0a = new Promise((resolve) => {
     setTimeout(() => {
       resolve()
-    }, 3000)
+    }, 300)
   })
 
   return p0a
@@ -308,12 +311,12 @@ describe('describe async throw fails', async () => {
 describe('timeouts', () => {
   it('timed out async test', { timeout: 5 }, async () => {
     return new Promise((resolve) => {
-      setTimeout(resolve, 1000)
+      setTimeout(resolve, 100)
     })
   })
 
   it('timed out callback test', { timeout: 5 }, (done) => {
-    setTimeout(done, 1000)
+    setTimeout(done, 100)
   })
 
   it('large timeout async test is ok', { timeout: 30_000_000 }, async () => {
diff --git a/test/message/test_runner_desctibe_it.out b/test/message/test_runner_desctibe_it.out
index 208097d..9faeacd 100644
--- a/test/message/test_runner_desctibe_it.out
+++ b/test/message/test_runner_desctibe_it.out
@@ -82,8 +82,13 @@ ok 10 - async pass
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
+# Subtest: mixing describe/it and test should work
+ok 11 - mixing describe/it and test should work
+  ---
+  duration_ms: *
+  ...
 # Subtest: async throw fail
-not ok 11 - async throw fail
+not ok 12 - async throw fail
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   failureType: 'testCodeFailure'
@@ -99,7 +104,7 @@ not ok 11 - async throw fail
     *
   ...
 # Subtest: async skip fail
-not ok 12 - async skip fail
+not ok 13 - async skip fail
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   failureType: 'callbackAndPromisePresent'
@@ -107,7 +112,7 @@ not ok 12 - async skip fail
   code: 'ERR_TEST_FAILURE'
   ...
 # Subtest: async assertion fail
-not ok 13 - async assertion fail
+not ok 14 - async assertion fail
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   failureType: 'testCodeFailure'
@@ -130,12 +135,12 @@ not ok 13 - async assertion fail
     *
   ...
 # Subtest: resolve pass
-ok 14 - resolve pass
+ok 15 - resolve pass
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
 # Subtest: reject fail
-not ok 15 - reject fail
+not ok 16 - reject fail
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   failureType: 'testCodeFailure'
@@ -151,27 +156,27 @@ not ok 15 - reject fail
     *
   ...
 # Subtest: unhandled rejection - passes but warns
-ok 16 - unhandled rejection - passes but warns
+ok 17 - unhandled rejection - passes but warns
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
 # Subtest: async unhandled rejection - passes but warns
-ok 17 - async unhandled rejection - passes but warns
+ok 18 - async unhandled rejection - passes but warns
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
 # Subtest: immediate throw - passes but warns
-ok 18 - immediate throw - passes but warns
+ok 19 - immediate throw - passes but warns
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
 # Subtest: immediate reject - passes but warns
-ok 19 - immediate reject - passes but warns
+ok 20 - immediate reject - passes but warns
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
 # Subtest: immediate resolve pass
-ok 20 - immediate resolve pass
+ok 21 - immediate resolve pass
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
@@ -195,8 +200,13 @@ ok 20 - immediate resolve pass
         *
         *
       ...
-    1..1
-not ok 21 - subtest sync throw fail
+    # Subtest: mixing describe/it and test should work
+    ok 2 - mixing describe/it and test should work
+      ---
+      duration_ms: *
+      ...
+    1..2
+not ok 22 - subtest sync throw fail
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   failureType: 'subtestsFailed'
@@ -205,7 +215,7 @@ not ok 21 - subtest sync throw fail
   stack: |-
   ...
 # Subtest: sync throw non-error fail
-not ok 22 - sync throw non-error fail
+not ok 23 - sync throw non-error fail
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   failureType: 'testCodeFailure'
@@ -235,27 +245,27 @@ not ok 22 - sync throw non-error fail
       duration_ms: *
       ...
     1..4
-ok 23 - level 0a
+ok 24 - level 0a
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
 # Subtest: invalid subtest - pass but subtest fails
-ok 24 - invalid subtest - pass but subtest fails
+ok 25 - invalid subtest - pass but subtest fails
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
 # Subtest: sync skip option
-ok 25 - sync skip option # SKIP
+ok 26 - sync skip option # SKIP
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
 # Subtest: sync skip option with message
-ok 26 - sync skip option with message # SKIP this is skipped
+ok 27 - sync skip option with message # SKIP this is skipped
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
 # Subtest: sync skip option is false fail
-not ok 27 - sync skip option is false fail
+not ok 28 - sync skip option is false fail
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   failureType: 'testCodeFailure'
@@ -271,67 +281,67 @@ not ok 27 - sync skip option is false fail
     *
   ...
 # Subtest: <anonymous>
-ok 28 - <anonymous>
+ok 29 - <anonymous>
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
 # Subtest: functionOnly
-ok 29 - functionOnly
+ok 30 - functionOnly
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
 # Subtest: <anonymous>
-ok 30 - <anonymous>
+ok 31 - <anonymous>
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
 # Subtest: test with only a name provided
-ok 31 - test with only a name provided
+ok 32 - test with only a name provided
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
 # Subtest: <anonymous>
-ok 32 - <anonymous>
+ok 33 - <anonymous>
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
 # Subtest: <anonymous>
-ok 33 - <anonymous> # SKIP
+ok 34 - <anonymous> # SKIP
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
 # Subtest: test with a name and options provided
-ok 34 - test with a name and options provided # SKIP
+ok 35 - test with a name and options provided # SKIP
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
 # Subtest: functionAndOptions
-ok 35 - functionAndOptions # SKIP
+ok 36 - functionAndOptions # SKIP
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
 # Subtest: escaped description \\ \# \\\#\\
-ok 36 - escaped description \\ \# \\\#\\
+ok 37 - escaped description \\ \# \\\#\\
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
 # Subtest: escaped skip message
-ok 37 - escaped skip message # SKIP \#skip
+ok 38 - escaped skip message # SKIP \#skip
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
 # Subtest: escaped todo message
-ok 38 - escaped todo message # TODO \#todo
+ok 39 - escaped todo message # TODO \#todo
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
 # Subtest: callback pass
-ok 39 - callback pass
+ok 40 - callback pass
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
 # Subtest: callback fail
-not ok 40 - callback fail
+not ok 41 - callback fail
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   failureType: 'testCodeFailure'
@@ -342,22 +352,22 @@ not ok 40 - callback fail
     *
   ...
 # Subtest: sync t is this in test
-ok 41 - sync t is this in test
+ok 42 - sync t is this in test
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
 # Subtest: async t is this in test
-ok 42 - async t is this in test
+ok 43 - async t is this in test
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
 # Subtest: callback t is this in test
-ok 43 - callback t is this in test
+ok 44 - callback t is this in test
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
 # Subtest: callback also returns a Promise
-not ok 44 - callback also returns a Promise
+not ok 45 - callback also returns a Promise
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   failureType: 'callbackAndPromisePresent'
@@ -366,7 +376,7 @@ not ok 44 - callback also returns a Promise
   stack: |-
   ...
 # Subtest: callback throw
-not ok 45 - callback throw
+not ok 46 - callback throw
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   failureType: 'testCodeFailure'
@@ -382,7 +392,7 @@ not ok 45 - callback throw
     *
   ...
 # Subtest: callback called twice
-not ok 46 - callback called twice
+not ok 47 - callback called twice
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   failureType: 'multipleCallbackInvocations'
@@ -393,12 +403,12 @@ not ok 46 - callback called twice
     *
   ...
 # Subtest: callback called twice in different ticks
-ok 47 - callback called twice in different ticks
+ok 48 - callback called twice in different ticks
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
 # Subtest: callback called twice in future tick
-not ok 48 - callback called twice in future tick
+not ok 49 - callback called twice in future tick
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   failureType: 'uncaughtException'
@@ -408,7 +418,7 @@ not ok 48 - callback called twice in future tick
     *
   ...
 # Subtest: callback async throw
-not ok 49 - callback async throw
+not ok 50 - callback async throw
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   failureType: 'uncaughtException'
@@ -419,12 +429,12 @@ not ok 49 - callback async throw
     *
   ...
 # Subtest: callback async throw after done
-ok 50 - callback async throw after done
+ok 51 - callback async throw after done
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   ...
 # Subtest: custom inspect symbol fail
-not ok 51 - custom inspect symbol fail
+not ok 52 - custom inspect symbol fail
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   failureType: 'testCodeFailure'
@@ -433,7 +443,7 @@ not ok 51 - custom inspect symbol fail
   stack: |-
   ...
 # Subtest: custom inspect symbol that throws fail
-not ok 52 - custom inspect symbol that throws fail
+not ok 53 - custom inspect symbol that throws fail
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   failureType: 'testCodeFailure'
@@ -485,7 +495,7 @@ not ok 52 - custom inspect symbol that throws fail
         *
       ...
     1..2
-not ok 53 - subtest sync throw fails
+not ok 54 - subtest sync throw fails
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   failureType: 'subtestsFailed'
@@ -503,7 +513,7 @@ not ok 53 - subtest sync throw fails
       code: 'ERR_TEST_FAILURE'
       ...
     1..1
-not ok 54 - describe sync throw fails
+not ok 55 - describe sync throw fails
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   failureType: 'testCodeFailure'
@@ -531,7 +541,7 @@ not ok 54 - describe sync throw fails
       code: 'ERR_TEST_FAILURE'
       ...
     1..1
-not ok 55 - describe async throw fails
+not ok 56 - describe async throw fails
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   failureType: 'testCodeFailure'
@@ -579,7 +589,7 @@ not ok 55 - describe async throw fails
       duration_ms: *
       ...
     1..4
-not ok 56 - timeouts
+not ok 57 - timeouts
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   failureType: 'subtestsFailed'
@@ -604,7 +614,7 @@ not ok 56 - timeouts
         *
       ...
     1..2
-not ok 57 - successful thenable
+not ok 58 - successful thenable
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   failureType: 'subtestsFailed'
@@ -612,7 +622,7 @@ not ok 57 - successful thenable
   code: 'ERR_TEST_FAILURE'
   ...
 # Subtest: rejected thenable
-not ok 58 - rejected thenable
+not ok 59 - rejected thenable
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   failureType: 'testCodeFailure'
@@ -622,7 +632,7 @@ not ok 58 - rejected thenable
     *
   ...
 # Subtest: invalid subtest fail
-not ok 59 - invalid subtest fail
+not ok 60 - invalid subtest fail
   ---
   duration_ms: *
   failureType: 'parentAlreadyFinished'
@@ -631,15 +641,15 @@ not ok 59 - invalid subtest fail
   stack: |-
     *
   ...
-1..59
+1..60
 # Warning: Test "unhandled rejection - passes but warns" generated asynchronous activity after the test ended. This activity created the error "Error: rejected from unhandled rejection fail" and would have caused the test to fail, but instead triggered an unhandledRejection event.
 # Warning: Test "async unhandled rejection - passes but warns" generated asynchronous activity after the test ended. This activity created the error "Error: rejected from async unhandled rejection fail" and would have caused the test to fail, but instead triggered an unhandledRejection event.
 # Warning: Test "immediate throw - passes but warns" generated asynchronous activity after the test ended. This activity created the error "Error: thrown from immediate throw fail" and would have caused the test to fail, but instead triggered an uncaughtException event.
 # Warning: Test "immediate reject - passes but warns" generated asynchronous activity after the test ended. This activity created the error "Error: rejected from immediate reject fail" and would have caused the test to fail, but instead triggered an unhandledRejection event.
 # Warning: Test "callback called twice in different ticks" generated asynchronous activity after the test ended. This activity created the error "Error [ERR_TEST_FAILURE]: callback invoked multiple times" and would have caused the test to fail, but instead triggered an uncaughtException event.
 # Warning: Test "callback async throw after done" generated asynchronous activity after the test ended. This activity created the error "Error: thrown from callback async throw after done" and would have caused the test to fail, but instead triggered an uncaughtException event.
-# tests 59
-# pass 22
+# tests 60
+# pass 23
 # fail 23
 # cancelled 0
 # skipped 9
diff --git a/test/message/test_runner_output.js b/test/message/test_runner_output.js
index 44d5141..629bff4 100644
--- a/test/message/test_runner_output.js
+++ b/test/message/test_runner_output.js
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ test('level 0a', { concurrency: 4 }, async (t) => {
     return p1a
   })
 
-  t.test('level 1b', async (t) => {
+  test('level 1b', async (t) => {
     const p1b = new Promise((resolve) => {
       resolve()
     })