Adafruit_SSD1306.cpp

/*********************************************************************
This is a library for our Monochrome OLEDs based on SSD1306 drivers

  Pick one up today in the adafruit shop!
  ------> http://www.adafruit.com/category/63_98

These displays use SPI to communicate, 4 or 5 pins are required to
interface

Adafruit invests time and resources providing this open source code,
please support Adafruit and open-source hardware by purchasing
products from Adafruit!

Written by Limor Fried/Ladyada  for Adafruit Industries.
BSD license, check license.txt for more information
All text above, and the splash screen below must be included in any redistribution
*********************************************************************/

#ifdef __AVR__
  #include <avr/pgmspace.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
 #include <pgmspace.h>
#else
 #define pgm_read_byte(addr) (*(const unsigned char *)(addr))
#endif

#if !defined(__ARM_ARCH) && !defined(ENERGIA) && !defined(ESP8266)
 #include <util/delay.h>
#endif

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <Wire.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include "Adafruit_GFX.h"
#include "Adafruit_SSD1306.h"

// the memory buffer for the LCD

static uint8_t buffer[SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT * SSD1306_LCDWIDTH / 8] = {

#if (SSD1306_LCDWIDTH == 64 && SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT == 48)
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC0,
0xE0, 0xF0, 0xF8, 0xFC, 0xFC, 0xFE, 0xFF, 0xFC, 0xE0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xF8,
0xF8, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xE0, 0xE0, 0xC0, 0x80, 0xC0, 0xFC, 0xFF, 0xFF,
0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0x3F, 0x7F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x1F, 0x3F, 0x7F, 0xFF,
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xE7, 0xC7, 0xC7, 0x87, 0x8F, 0x9F, 0x9F, 0xFF, 0xFF,
0xFF, 0xC1, 0xC0, 0xE0, 0xFC, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFC, 0xFC, 0xFC, 0xFC, 0xFE, 0xFE,
0xFE, 0xFC, 0xFC, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xF0, 0xE0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xC0,
0xE0, 0xF1, 0xFB, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0x1F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x87, 0xE7, 0xFF, 0xFF,
0xFF, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x3F, 0xF9, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xFD, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0x3F, 0x0F, 0x07, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF0, 0xFE, 0xFF, 0xFF,
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFE, 0x7E, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x0F, 0x1F, 0xFF, 0xFF,
0xFF, 0xFC, 0xF0, 0xE0, 0xF1, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFC, 0xF0, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,
0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03,
0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
0x0F, 0x1F, 0x3F, 0x7F, 0x7F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0x7F, 0x1F, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
#else
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80,
0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xC0, 0xE0, 0xF0, 0xF8, 0xFC, 0xF8, 0xE0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80,
0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0xFF,
#if (SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT * SSD1306_LCDWIDTH > 96*16)
0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00,
0x80, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x8C, 0x8E, 0x84, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xF8,
0xF8, 0xF8, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xE0, 0xE0, 0xC0, 0x80,
0x00, 0xE0, 0xFC, 0xFE, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xFF, 0xC7, 0x01, 0x01,
0x01, 0x01, 0x83, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xFE, 0xC7, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x83, 0xFF,
0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x38, 0xFE, 0xC7, 0x83, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x83, 0xC7, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00,
0x01, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x07, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7F, 0xFF,
0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xFF,
0xFF, 0xFF, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x03, 0x0F, 0x3F, 0x7F, 0x7F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xE7, 0xC7, 0xC7, 0x8F,
0x8F, 0x9F, 0xBF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xC3, 0xC0, 0xF0, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFC, 0xFC, 0xFC,
0xFC, 0xFC, 0xFC, 0xFC, 0xFC, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xE0, 0xC0, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03,
0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01,
0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x03, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
#if (SSD1306_LCDWIDTH == 128 && SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT == 64)
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xC0, 0xE0, 0xF0, 0xF9, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x3F, 0x1F, 0x0F,
0x87, 0xC7, 0xF7, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x3D, 0xFC, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0x7C, 0x7D, 0xFF,
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0x3F, 0x0F, 0x07, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0xFC, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xE0, 0xC0, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0xC0, 0xFE, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0x7F, 0x3F, 0x1F,
0x0F, 0x07, 0x1F, 0x7F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFE, 0xF8, 0xE0,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0xFC, 0xFE, 0xFC, 0x0C, 0x06, 0x06, 0x0E, 0xFC, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF0, 0xF8, 0x1C, 0x0E,
0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x0C, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFC,
0xFE, 0xFC, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0x66, 0xE6, 0xCE, 0x84, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x06,
0x06, 0xFC, 0xFE, 0xFC, 0x0C, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC0, 0xF8,
0xFC, 0x4E, 0x46, 0x46, 0x46, 0x4E, 0x7C, 0x78, 0x40, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x76, 0xE6, 0xCE, 0xCC, 0x80,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x07, 0x0F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x1F, 0x0F, 0x03,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x07, 0x0E, 0x0C,
0x18, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x06, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x0F, 0x0E, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x0F,
0x07, 0x01, 0x00, 0x04, 0x0E, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x0F, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x00,
0x00, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07,
0x07, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x1C, 0x0C, 0x06, 0x06, 0x00, 0x04, 0x0E, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x0F, 0x07,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
#endif
#endif
#endif
};

#define ssd1306_swap(a, b) { int16_t t = a; a = b; b = t; }

// the most basic function, set a single pixel
void Adafruit_SSD1306::drawPixel(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t color) {
  if ((x < 0) || (x >= width()) || (y < 0) || (y >= height()))
    return;

  // check rotation, move pixel around if necessary
  switch (getRotation()) {
  case 1:
    ssd1306_swap(x, y);
    x = WIDTH - x - 1;
    break;
  case 2:
    x = WIDTH - x - 1;
    y = HEIGHT - y - 1;
    break;
  case 3:
    ssd1306_swap(x, y);
    y = HEIGHT - y - 1;
    break;
  }

  // x is which column
    switch (color)
    {
      case WHITE:   buffer[x+ (y/8)*SSD1306_LCDWIDTH] |=  (1 << (y&7)); break;
      case BLACK:   buffer[x+ (y/8)*SSD1306_LCDWIDTH] &= ~(1 << (y&7)); break;
      case INVERSE: buffer[x+ (y/8)*SSD1306_LCDWIDTH] ^=  (1 << (y&7)); break;
    }

}

Adafruit_SSD1306::Adafruit_SSD1306(int8_t SID, int8_t SCLK, int8_t DC, int8_t RST, int8_t CS) : Adafruit_GFX(SSD1306_LCDWIDTH, SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT) {
  cs = CS;
  rst = RST;
  dc = DC;
  sclk = SCLK;
  sid = SID;
  hwSPI = false;
}

// constructor for hardware SPI - we indicate DataCommand, ChipSelect, Reset
Adafruit_SSD1306::Adafruit_SSD1306(int8_t DC, int8_t RST, int8_t CS) : Adafruit_GFX(SSD1306_LCDWIDTH, SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT) {
  dc = DC;
  rst = RST;
  cs = CS;
  hwSPI = true;
}

// initializer for I2C - we only indicate the reset pin!
Adafruit_SSD1306::Adafruit_SSD1306(int8_t reset) :
Adafruit_GFX(SSD1306_LCDWIDTH, SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT) {
  sclk = dc = cs = sid = -1;
  rst = reset;
}


void Adafruit_SSD1306::begin(uint8_t vccstate, uint8_t i2caddr, bool reset) {
  _vccstate = vccstate;
  _i2caddr = i2caddr;

  // set pin directions
  if (sid != -1){
    pinMode(dc, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(cs, OUTPUT);
#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG
    csport      = portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(cs));
    cspinmask   = digitalPinToBitMask(cs);
    dcport      = portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(dc));
    dcpinmask   = digitalPinToBitMask(dc);
#endif
    if (!hwSPI){
      // set pins for software-SPI
      pinMode(sid, OUTPUT);
      pinMode(sclk, OUTPUT);
#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG
      clkport     = portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(sclk));
      clkpinmask  = digitalPinToBitMask(sclk);
      mosiport    = portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(sid));
      mosipinmask = digitalPinToBitMask(sid);
#endif
      }
    if (hwSPI){
      SPI.begin();
#ifdef SPI_HAS_TRANSACTION
      SPI.beginTransaction(SPISettings(8000000, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE0));
#else
      SPI.setClockDivider (4);
#endif
    }
  }
  else
  {
    // I2C Init
    Wire.begin();
#ifdef __SAM3X8E__
    // Force 400 KHz I2C, rawr! (Uses pins 20, 21 for SDA, SCL)
    TWI1->TWI_CWGR = 0;
    TWI1->TWI_CWGR = ((VARIANT_MCK / (2 * 400000)) - 4) * 0x101;
#endif
  }
  if ((reset) && (rst >= 0)) {
    // Setup reset pin direction (used by both SPI and I2C)
    pinMode(rst, OUTPUT);
    digitalWrite(rst, HIGH);
    // VDD (3.3V) goes high at start, lets just chill for a ms
    delay(1);
    // bring reset low
    digitalWrite(rst, LOW);
    // wait 10ms
    delay(10);
    // bring out of reset
    digitalWrite(rst, HIGH);
    // turn on VCC (9V?)
  }

  // Init sequence
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_DISPLAYOFF);                    // 0xAE
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETDISPLAYCLOCKDIV);            // 0xD5
  ssd1306_command(0x80);                                  // the suggested ratio 0x80

  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETMULTIPLEX);                  // 0xA8
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT - 1);

  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETDISPLAYOFFSET);              // 0xD3
  ssd1306_command(0x0);                                   // no offset
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETSTARTLINE | 0x0);            // line #0
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_CHARGEPUMP);                    // 0x8D
  if (vccstate == SSD1306_EXTERNALVCC)
    { ssd1306_command(0x10); }
  else
    { ssd1306_command(0x14); }
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_MEMORYMODE);                    // 0x20 horizontal addressing mode
  ssd1306_command(0x00);                                  // 0x0 act like ks0108
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SEGREMAP | 0x1);
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_COMSCANDEC);

 #if defined SSD1306_128_32
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCOMPINS);                    // 0xDA
  ssd1306_command(0x02);
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCONTRAST);                   // 0x81
  ssd1306_command(0x8F);

#elif defined SSD1306_128_64
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCOMPINS);                    // 0xDA
  ssd1306_command(0x12);
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCONTRAST);                   // 0x81
  if (vccstate == SSD1306_EXTERNALVCC)
    { ssd1306_command(0x9F); }
  else
    { ssd1306_command(0xCF); }

#elif defined SSD1306_96_16
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCOMPINS);                    // 0xDA
  ssd1306_command(0x2);   //ada x12
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCONTRAST);                   // 0x81
  if (vccstate == SSD1306_EXTERNALVCC)
    { ssd1306_command(0x10); }
  else
    { ssd1306_command(0xAF); }

#elif defined SSD1306_64_48
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCOMPINS);                    // 0xDA
  ssd1306_command(0x12);
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCONTRAST);                   // 0x81
  if (vccstate == SSD1306_EXTERNALVCC)
    { ssd1306_command(0x9F); }
  else
    { ssd1306_command(0xCF); }

#endif

  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETPRECHARGE);                  // 0xd9
  if (vccstate == SSD1306_EXTERNALVCC)
    { ssd1306_command(0x22); }
  else
    { ssd1306_command(0xF1); }
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETVCOMDETECT);                 // 0xDB
  ssd1306_command(0x40);
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_DISPLAYALLON_RESUME);           // 0xA4
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_NORMALDISPLAY);                 // 0xA6

  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_DEACTIVATE_SCROLL);

  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_DISPLAYON);//--turn on oled panel
}


void Adafruit_SSD1306::invertDisplay(uint8_t i) {
  if (i) {
    ssd1306_command(SSD1306_INVERTDISPLAY);
  } else {
    ssd1306_command(SSD1306_NORMALDISPLAY);
  }
}

void Adafruit_SSD1306::ssd1306_command(uint8_t c) {
  if (sid != -1)
  {
    // SPI
#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG
    *csport |= cspinmask;
    *dcport &= ~dcpinmask;
    *csport &= ~cspinmask;
#else
    digitalWrite(cs, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(dc, LOW);
    digitalWrite(cs, LOW);
#endif
    fastSPIwrite(c);
#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG
    *csport |= cspinmask;
#else
    digitalWrite(cs, HIGH);
#endif
  }
  else
  {
    // I2C
    uint8_t control = 0x00;   // Co = 0, D/C = 0
    Wire.beginTransmission(_i2caddr);
    Wire.write(control);
    Wire.write(c);
    Wire.endTransmission();
  }
}

// startscrollright
// Activate a right handed scroll for rows start through stop
// Hint, the display is 16 rows tall. To scroll the whole display, run:
// display.scrollright(0x00, 0x0F)
void Adafruit_SSD1306::startscrollright(uint8_t start, uint8_t stop){
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_RIGHT_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL);
  ssd1306_command(0x00);
  ssd1306_command(start);
  ssd1306_command(0x00);
  ssd1306_command(stop);
  ssd1306_command(0x00);
  ssd1306_command(0xFF);
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_ACTIVATE_SCROLL);
}

// startscrollleft
// Activate a right handed scroll for rows start through stop
// Hint, the display is 16 rows tall. To scroll the whole display, run:
// display.scrollright(0x00, 0x0F)
void Adafruit_SSD1306::startscrollleft(uint8_t start, uint8_t stop){
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_LEFT_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL);
  ssd1306_command(0x00);
  ssd1306_command(start);
  ssd1306_command(0x00);
  ssd1306_command(stop);
  ssd1306_command(0x00);
  ssd1306_command(0xFF);
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_ACTIVATE_SCROLL);
}

// startscrolldiagright
// Activate a diagonal scroll for rows start through stop
// Hint, the display is 16 rows tall. To scroll the whole display, run:
// display.scrollright(0x00, 0x0F)
void Adafruit_SSD1306::startscrolldiagright(uint8_t start, uint8_t stop){
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SET_VERTICAL_SCROLL_AREA);
  ssd1306_command(0x00);
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT);
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_VERTICAL_AND_RIGHT_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL);
  ssd1306_command(0x00);
  ssd1306_command(start);
  ssd1306_command(0x00);
  ssd1306_command(stop);
  ssd1306_command(0x01);
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_ACTIVATE_SCROLL);
}

// startscrolldiagleft
// Activate a diagonal scroll for rows start through stop
// Hint, the display is 16 rows tall. To scroll the whole display, run:
// display.scrollright(0x00, 0x0F)
void Adafruit_SSD1306::startscrolldiagleft(uint8_t start, uint8_t stop){
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SET_VERTICAL_SCROLL_AREA);
  ssd1306_command(0x00);
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT);
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_VERTICAL_AND_LEFT_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL);
  ssd1306_command(0x00);
  ssd1306_command(start);
  ssd1306_command(0x00);
  ssd1306_command(stop);
  ssd1306_command(0x01);
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_ACTIVATE_SCROLL);
}

void Adafruit_SSD1306::stopscroll(void){
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_DEACTIVATE_SCROLL);
}

// Dim the display
// dim = true: display is dimmed
// dim = false: display is normal
void Adafruit_SSD1306::dim(boolean dim) {
  uint8_t contrast;

  if (dim) {
    contrast = 0; // Dimmed display
  } else {
    if (_vccstate == SSD1306_EXTERNALVCC) {
      contrast = 0x9F;
    } else {
      contrast = 0xCF;
    }
  }
  // the range of contrast to too small to be really useful
  // it is useful to dim the display
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_SETCONTRAST);
  ssd1306_command(contrast);
}

void Adafruit_SSD1306::display(void) {
  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_COLUMNADDR);
  #if SSD1306_LCDWIDTH == 64 && SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT == 48
    ssd1306_command(32);
    ssd1306_command(32 + SSD1306_LCDWIDTH - 1);
  #else
    ssd1306_command(0);   // Column start address (0 = reset)
    ssd1306_command(SSD1306_LCDWIDTH-1); // Column end address (127 = reset)
  #endif

  ssd1306_command(SSD1306_PAGEADDR);
  ssd1306_command(0); // Page start address (0 = reset)
  ssd1306_command((SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT / 8) - 1); // Page end address
  /*
  #if SSD1306_LCDWIDTH == 128 && SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT == 64
    ssd1306_command(7); // Page end address
  #elif SSD1306_LCDWIDTH == 64 && SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT == 48
    ssd1306_command(5); // Page end address
  #elif SSD1306_LCDWIDTH == 128 && SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT == 32
    ssd1306_command(3); // Page end address
  #elif SSD1306_LCDWIDTH == 96 && SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT == 16
    ssd1306_command(1); // Page end address
  #endif
  */

  if (sid != -1)
  {
    // SPI
#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG
    *csport |= cspinmask;
    *dcport |= dcpinmask;
    *csport &= ~cspinmask;
#else
    digitalWrite(cs, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(dc, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(cs, LOW);
#endif

    for (uint16_t i=0; i<(SSD1306_LCDWIDTH*SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT/8); i++) {
      fastSPIwrite(buffer[i]);
    }
#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG
    *csport |= cspinmask;
#else
    digitalWrite(cs, HIGH);
#endif
  }
  else
  {
    // save I2C bitrate
#ifdef TWBR
    uint8_t twbrbackup = TWBR;
    TWBR = 12; // upgrade to 400KHz!
#endif

    //Serial.println(TWBR, DEC);
    //Serial.println(TWSR & 0x3, DEC);

    // I2C
    for (uint16_t i=0; i<(SSD1306_LCDWIDTH*SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT/8); i++) {
      // send a bunch of data in one xmission
      Wire.beginTransmission(_i2caddr);
      WIRE_WRITE(0x40);
      for (uint8_t x=0; x<16; x++) {
        WIRE_WRITE(buffer[i]);
        i++;
      }
      i--;
      Wire.endTransmission();
    }
#ifdef TWBR
    TWBR = twbrbackup;
#endif
  }
}

// clear everything
void Adafruit_SSD1306::clearDisplay(void) {
  memset(buffer, 0, (SSD1306_LCDWIDTH*SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT/8));
}


inline void Adafruit_SSD1306::fastSPIwrite(uint8_t d) {

  if(hwSPI) {
    (void)SPI.transfer(d);
  } else {
    for(uint8_t bit = 0x80; bit; bit >>= 1) {
#ifdef HAVE_PORTREG
      *clkport &= ~clkpinmask;
      if(d & bit) *mosiport |=  mosipinmask;
      else        *mosiport &= ~mosipinmask;
      *clkport |=  clkpinmask;
#else
      digitalWrite(sclk, LOW);
      if(d & bit) digitalWrite(sid, HIGH);
      else        digitalWrite(sid, LOW);
      digitalWrite(sclk, HIGH);
#endif
    }
  }
}

void Adafruit_SSD1306::drawFastHLine(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, uint16_t color) {
  boolean bSwap = false;
  switch(rotation) {
    case 0:
      // 0 degree rotation, do nothing
      break;
    case 1:
      // 90 degree rotation, swap x & y for rotation, then invert x
      bSwap = true;
      ssd1306_swap(x, y);
      x = WIDTH - x - 1;
      break;
    case 2:
      // 180 degree rotation, invert x and y - then shift y around for height.
      x = WIDTH - x - 1;
      y = HEIGHT - y - 1;
      x -= (w-1);
      break;
    case 3:
      // 270 degree rotation, swap x & y for rotation, then invert y  and adjust y for w (not to become h)
      bSwap = true;
      ssd1306_swap(x, y);
      y = HEIGHT - y - 1;
      y -= (w-1);
      break;
  }

  if(bSwap) {
    drawFastVLineInternal(x, y, w, color);
  } else {
    drawFastHLineInternal(x, y, w, color);
  }
}

void Adafruit_SSD1306::drawFastHLineInternal(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, uint16_t color) {
  // Do bounds/limit checks
  if(y < 0 || y >= HEIGHT) { return; }

  // make sure we don't try to draw below 0
  if(x < 0) {
    w += x;
    x = 0;
  }

  // make sure we don't go off the edge of the display
  if( (x + w) > WIDTH) {
    w = (WIDTH - x);
  }

  // if our width is now negative, punt
  if(w <= 0) { return; }

  // set up the pointer for  movement through the buffer
  register uint8_t *pBuf = buffer;
  // adjust the buffer pointer for the current row
  pBuf += ((y/8) * SSD1306_LCDWIDTH);
  // and offset x columns in
  pBuf += x;

  register uint8_t mask = 1 << (y&7);

  switch (color)
  {
  case WHITE:         while(w--) { *pBuf++ |= mask; }; break;
    case BLACK: mask = ~mask;   while(w--) { *pBuf++ &= mask; }; break;
  case INVERSE:         while(w--) { *pBuf++ ^= mask; }; break;
  }
}

void Adafruit_SSD1306::drawFastVLine(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t h, uint16_t color) {
  bool bSwap = false;
  switch(rotation) {
    case 0:
      break;
    case 1:
      // 90 degree rotation, swap x & y for rotation, then invert x and adjust x for h (now to become w)
      bSwap = true;
      ssd1306_swap(x, y);
      x = WIDTH - x - 1;
      x -= (h-1);
      break;
    case 2:
      // 180 degree rotation, invert x and y - then shift y around for height.
      x = WIDTH - x - 1;
      y = HEIGHT - y - 1;
      y -= (h-1);
      break;
    case 3:
      // 270 degree rotation, swap x & y for rotation, then invert y
      bSwap = true;
      ssd1306_swap(x, y);
      y = HEIGHT - y - 1;
      break;
  }

  if(bSwap) {
    drawFastHLineInternal(x, y, h, color);
  } else {
    drawFastVLineInternal(x, y, h, color);
  }
}


void Adafruit_SSD1306::drawFastVLineInternal(int16_t x, int16_t __y, int16_t __h, uint16_t color) {

  // do nothing if we're off the left or right side of the screen
  if(x < 0 || x >= WIDTH) { return; }

  // make sure we don't try to draw below 0
  if(__y < 0) {
    // __y is negative, this will subtract enough from __h to account for __y being 0
    __h += __y;
    __y = 0;

  }

  // make sure we don't go past the height of the display
  if( (__y + __h) > HEIGHT) {
    __h = (HEIGHT - __y);
  }

  // if our height is now negative, punt
  if(__h <= 0) {
    return;
  }

  // this display doesn't need ints for coordinates, use local byte registers for faster juggling
  register uint8_t y = __y;
  register uint8_t h = __h;


  // set up the pointer for fast movement through the buffer
  register uint8_t *pBuf = buffer;
  // adjust the buffer pointer for the current row
  pBuf += ((y/8) * SSD1306_LCDWIDTH);
  // and offset x columns in
  pBuf += x;

  // do the first partial byte, if necessary - this requires some masking
  register uint8_t mod = (y&7);
  if(mod) {
    // mask off the high n bits we want to set
    mod = 8-mod;

    // note - lookup table results in a nearly 10% performance improvement in fill* functions
    // register uint8_t mask = ~(0xFF >> (mod));
    static uint8_t premask[8] = {0x00, 0x80, 0xC0, 0xE0, 0xF0, 0xF8, 0xFC, 0xFE };
    register uint8_t mask = premask[mod];

    // adjust the mask if we're not going to reach the end of this byte
    if( h < mod) {
      mask &= (0xFF >> (mod-h));
    }

  switch (color)
    {
    case WHITE:   *pBuf |=  mask;  break;
    case BLACK:   *pBuf &= ~mask;  break;
    case INVERSE: *pBuf ^=  mask;  break;
    }

    // fast exit if we're done here!
    if(h<mod) { return; }

    h -= mod;

    pBuf += SSD1306_LCDWIDTH;
  }


  // write solid bytes while we can - effectively doing 8 rows at a time
  if(h >= 8) {
    if (color == INVERSE)  {          // separate copy of the code so we don't impact performance of the black/white write version with an extra comparison per loop
      do  {
      *pBuf=~(*pBuf);

        // adjust the buffer forward 8 rows worth of data
        pBuf += SSD1306_LCDWIDTH;

        // adjust h & y (there's got to be a faster way for me to do this, but this should still help a fair bit for now)
        h -= 8;
      } while(h >= 8);
      }
    else {
      // store a local value to work with
      register uint8_t val = (color == WHITE) ? 255 : 0;

      do  {
        // write our value in
      *pBuf = val;

        // adjust the buffer forward 8 rows worth of data
        pBuf += SSD1306_LCDWIDTH;

        // adjust h & y (there's got to be a faster way for me to do this, but this should still help a fair bit for now)
        h -= 8;
      } while(h >= 8);
      }
    }

  // now do the final partial byte, if necessary
  if(h) {
    mod = h & 7;
    // this time we want to mask the low bits of the byte, vs the high bits we did above
    // register uint8_t mask = (1 << mod) - 1;
    // note - lookup table results in a nearly 10% performance improvement in fill* functions
    static uint8_t postmask[8] = {0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x07, 0x0F, 0x1F, 0x3F, 0x7F };
    register uint8_t mask = postmask[mod];
    switch (color)
    {
      case WHITE:   *pBuf |=  mask;  break;
      case BLACK:   *pBuf &= ~mask;  break;
      case INVERSE: *pBuf ^=  mask;  break;
    }
  }
}