[v23.2.x] Fix configs returned in CreateTopicsResponse

[vbotbuildovich]

Backport #16922 to branch v23.2.x. Note that this issue was created as a placeholder, since the original PR's commit(s) could not be automatically cherry-picked.
Here are the commands to execute:

git checkout v23.2.x
git checkout -b vbotbuildovich/backport-16922-v23.2.x-357
git cherry-pick -x 47cf65f252cdc42f8c66fad732c8f55f10785375 773f83656c5f6243240777946716212da6d013b1 41f9d664ba37841befae30480ff712dbc4df2eea 1002b63893b73f7bea371350a32294aaa2f92f85 5edfb74f3f8d25bf499e1f06a500ffa316564cb9 4f5d6b671436dd91052a3674daaaa7ebd60e275e

git push origin vbotbuildovich/backport-16922-v23.2.x-357
gh pr create \
  --title "[v23.2.x] Fix configs returned in CreateTopicsResponse" \
  --base "v23.2.x" \
  --label "kind/backport" \
  --head "vbotbuildovich/backport-16922-v23.2.x-357" \
  --draft \
  --repo "redpanda-data/redpanda" \
  --milestone "v23.2.x-next" \
  --body "Backport of PR https://github.com/redpanda-data/redpanda/pull/16922 "