From f841af25e304e641e0d576e9c013586262ce630d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Stephen Richard <513380+smrgeoinfo@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 20 Jun 2023 15:42:07 -0700 Subject: [PATCH] update html for case corrections --- .../html/GeochemAnalyticalMethod.html | 463 +++++------ geochemistry/html/GeochemAnalyticalMethod.md | 755 +++++++++--------- 2 files changed, 610 insertions(+), 608 deletions(-) diff --git a/geochemistry/html/GeochemAnalyticalMethod.html b/geochemistry/html/GeochemAnalyticalMethod.html index 349f0ff..d803f65 100644 --- a/geochemistry/html/GeochemAnalyticalMethod.html +++ b/geochemistry/html/GeochemAnalyticalMethod.html @@ -200,19 +200,20 @@

Table of contents

1 Concept Schemes in this file

Analytical methods for geochemistry

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2 Concept scheme: Analytical methods for geochemistry

Vocabulary last modified: 2023-05-26

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subtitle: This concept scheme contains skos concepts for analysis methods used to produce observation results with information about the physical properties, chemical or isotopic composition, crystallography, or molecular structure of material samples. Based on spreadsheet compilation of method vocabularies from GeoX, GeoRock, PetDb and OSIRIS-REx. Definitions added and updated based on web research, and SKOS serialization by S.M. Richard.

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subtitle: This concept scheme contains skos concepts for analysis methods used to produce observation results with information about the physical properties, chemical or isotopic composition, crystallography, or molecular structure of material samples. Based on spreadsheet compilation of method vocabularies from GeoX, GEOROC, PetDB and OSIRIS-REx. Definitions added and updated based on web research, and SKOS serialization by S.M. Richard. Note that although there are high-level method categories for ‘Physical property measurements’ and the ‘Bioanalytical method’, these are placeholders and only include a few examples that are relevant to analytical methods in geo- or cosmochemistry.

Namespace: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/method

History

@@ -689,7 +690,7 @@

Child of: benchchemistry

  • Penfield, S. L., 1894, On some methods for the determination of water: American Journal of Science, v. 48, no. 283, p. 30-37. Determination of water by ‘heating a weighed quantity of mineral in a closed glass tube, weighing the tube plus the water, then drying and weighing again’. Modified method (Shapirro, 1975, p. 55-56, https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1401/report.pdf) water is driven from the sample when it is heated in a Pyrex test tube with sodium tungstate as a flux (Shapiro and Brannock, 1955b). The water is condensed on a piece of preweighed filter paper in the upper part of a test tube that is cooled by crushed ice in a polyethylene jacket surrounding the test tube during the analysis.

  • Alternate labels: PENFIELD METHOD

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: penfieldmethodanalysis

    • @@ -700,7 +701,7 @@

    benchchemistry

  • Wet chemistry is a form of analytical chemistry that uses classical methods such as observation to analyze materials. It is called wet chemistry since most analyzing is done in the liquid phase. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_chemistry)

  • Alternate labels: WET-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

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  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_chemistry, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_chemistry, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: wetchemistry

    • @@ -718,7 +719,7 @@

    Child of: acidreactioncarbonateanalysis

  • Treatment of a sample with HCl in a closed instrument creates CO2 pressure porportional to the CaCO3 content of the sample (Muller and Gastner, 1971, https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/27239/1/Mll1971a.pdf)

  • Alternate labels: CARBONATE BOMB

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc

  • Concept URI token: carbonatebombanalysis

    • @@ -729,7 +730,7 @@

    Child of: acidreactioncarbonateanalysis

  • Carbonate was determined with a Charmograph 6 (Wosthoff). The sample was heated in 2 N phosphoric acid and the released carbon dioxide passed through a 0.05 N sodium hydroxide solution. Carbonate concentrations were calculated from the conductivity changes of the sodium hydroxide solution (https://drs.nio.org/drs/bitstream/handle/22 64/7525/J_Geophys_Res_C_101_28569.pdf)

  • Alternate labels: CHARMOGRAPH

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc

  • Concept URI token: charmographanalysis

    • @@ -739,7 +740,7 @@

  • Child of: acidreactioncarbonateanalysis

  • Instrument consisting of a sample-holder, one serpentine for cooling and one graduated cylinder with readings on the result of reaction between calcium carbonate and diluted chloridric acid. Since the volume of CO2 (carbonic anhydride) is in relationship with CaCO2 (carbonate contained in the material) it shall be possible to calculate the percentage of CaCO3. (https://www.gabbrielli.com/en/prodotto/dietrich-fruhling-calcimeter/)

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://www.gabbrielli.com/en/prodotto/dietrich-fruhling-calcimeter/,

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://www.gabbrielli.com/en/prodotto/dietrich-fruhling-calcimeter/,

  • Concept URI token: dietrichfruhlingcalcimetry

    • @@ -751,7 +752,7 @@
    opticalspectrometry wetchemistry

  • A method of chemical analysis in which reagents are added to a solution to form coloured compounds with specific elements. The intensity of the colour, measured on a spectrophotometer, is proportional to the concentration of the element. (‘colorimetric analysis .’ A Dictionary of Earth Sciences. Encyclopedia.com. 21 Dec. 2022 <https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses- pictures-and-press-releases/colorimetric-analysis>.)

  • Alternate labels: COLORIMETRY

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/colorimetric-analysis,

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/colorimetric-analysis,

  • Concept URI token: colormetricanalysis

    • @@ -762,7 +763,7 @@

    Child of: emissionspectrometry wetchemistry

  • Used for Platinum group element (PGE) analyses. The sample is decomposed by heating with nickel sulfide to form a button that is then dissolved in acid. PGE constituents remain in the insoluble residue. After filtering, the residue is dissolved with aqua regia or a mixture of HCl and H2O2 and then determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry.

  • Alternate labels: NICKEL SULFIDE FIRE ASSAY ISOTOPE DILUTION ANALYSIS

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb

  • Concept URI token: fireassayemissionspectrometry

    • @@ -772,7 +773,7 @@
    wetchemistry

  • Gravimetry is the measurement of weight, a gravitational field, or density (Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam- webster.com/dictionary/gravimetry. Accessed 6 Feb. 2023.) Gravimetric analysis measures the weight or concentration of a solid that has either formed from a precipitate or dissolved in a liquid. ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_chemistry#Gravimetric_analysis; https://www.allthescience.org/what-is-bench-chemistry.htm).

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  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_chemistry#Gravimetric_analysis, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_chemistry#Gravimetric_analysis, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: gravimeticanalysis

    • @@ -783,7 +784,7 @@
    wetchemistry

  • technique to detect arsenic, based on the reaction of arsenic gas with hydrogen ion to form yellow stain on mercuric chloride paper in presence of reducing agents like potassium iodide. It is also called as Gutzeit test and requires special apparatus. [not clear if this is quantitative or qualitative] (https://www.web- formulas.com/Formulas_of_Chemistry/Limit_Test_of_Arsenic.aspx; C.R. Sanger and O.F. Black, 1907, Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; Vol. 43, No. 8, pp. 297-324.)

  • Alternate labels: ARSINE GUTZEIT REACTION

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc

  • Concept URI token: gutzeittest

    • @@ -794,7 +795,7 @@

    Child of: isotoperatiomassspectrometry wetchemistry

  • laser fluorination is a chemical process wherein oxygen is quantitatively extracted from oxygen-bearing compounds, without isotopic fractionation, and simultaneously converted to diatomic oxygen (O2) gas. This O2 gas may then be analyzed with isotope-ration mass spectrometer (IRMS) to determine its delta 17O and delta 18O ratios. (https://sil.uoregon.edu/laser-fluorination/)

  • Alternate labels: LASER FLUORINATION, Laser Assisted Fluorination for Bulk Oxygen Isotope Ratio Measurements,

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  • Source: https://sil.uoregon.edu/laser-fluorination/, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex,

    • +

  • Source: https://sil.uoregon.edu/laser-fluorination/, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex,

  • Concept URI token: laserfluorinationanalysis

    • @@ -814,7 +815,7 @@
    neutronactivationanalysis wetchemistry

  • A method of NAA in which chemical separations are applied after the irradiation to separate activities of interest from interfering activities. (https://indico.cern.ch/event/716552/sessions/310934/attac hments/1848163/3033363/MonicaSisti_LRT2019.pdf slide 6, https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/radiochemical- neutron-activation-analysis-rnaa; Chai et al, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0302). Components: 1) sample irradiation 2) chemical processing 3) gamma ray spectrometry

  • Alternate labels: destructive activation analysis

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  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0302, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/radiochemical-neutron-activation-analysis-rnaa,

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  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0302, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/radiochemical-neutron-activation-analysis-rnaa,

  • Concept URI token: radiochemicalneutronactivationanalysis

    • @@ -825,7 +826,7 @@
    wetchemistry

  • method to determine the concentration of an identified analyte, in which a reagent, termed the titrant or titrator, with known concentration and volume reacts with a solution of analyte (which may also be termed the titrand) to determine the analyte’s concentration. The volume of titrant that reacted with the analyte is termed the titration volume. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titration)

  • Alternate labels: TITRATION ANALYSIS, VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS, VOLUMETRY,

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  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titration, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

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  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titration, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: titration

    • @@ -845,7 +846,7 @@

    bioanalyticalmethod

  • Determination of nucleotide sequence (the DNA primary structure). (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262)

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  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox,

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  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox,

  • Concept URI token: dnasequencing

    • @@ -855,7 +856,7 @@

    bioanalyticalmethod

  • Laboratory technique to determine the amount of DNA in cells tagged by fluorescent dye by measuring the intensity of fluorescence under a laser beam. (USGS; https://apps.usgs.gov/thesaurus/thesaurus- full.php?thcode=2&code=400). More generally, a technique for examining populations of cells or particles by suspending them in a fluid and passing them through a tube (ideally each particle individually discernible), and probing with a laser or other excitation source that will identify the particles of interest so they can be counted.

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  • Source: https://apps.usgs.gov/thesaurus/thesaurus-full.php?thcode=2&code=400, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox,

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  • Source: https://apps.usgs.gov/thesaurus/thesaurus-full.php?thcode=2&code=400, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox,

  • Concept URI token: flowcytometry

    • @@ -865,7 +866,7 @@

  • Child of: bioanalyticalmethod

  • Cytogenetic technique used to detect and localize the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences on chromosomes. It uses fluorescent probes that only bind to those parts of the chromosome with which they show a high degree of sequence complementarity. Note: FISH is often used for finding specific features in DNA for use in genetic counselling, medicine, and species identification. FISH can also be used to detect and localize specific RNA targets (mRNA, lncRNA and miRNA) in cells, circulating tumor cells, and tissue samples. In this context, it can help define the spatial-temporal patterns of gene expression within cells and tissues. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262)

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox,

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  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox,

  • Concept URI token: fluorescentinsituhybridization

    • @@ -876,7 +877,7 @@

    bioanalyticalmethod

  • Assay with specifically designed single-stranded DNA probe with a defined (known) nucleotide sequence usually immobilized on a surface (in such a case, the nucleic acid probe is called the capture probe). Note: The probe is used as a recognition element to test for the nucleotide sequence within the target DNA in the sample solution. If target DNA contains a sequence complementary to the probe, a hybrid dsDNA is formed. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262). A type of Ligand Binding Assay (LBA) used to quantify nucleic acids in biological matrices. Hybridization assays can be in solution or on a solid support such as 96-well plates or labelled beads. Hybridization assays involve labelled nucleic acid probes to identify related DNA or RNA molecules (i.e. with significantly high degree of sequence similarity) within a complex mixture of unlabelled nucleic acid molecules. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybridization_assay)

  • Alternate labels: DNA hybridization capture

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  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybridization_assay, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox,

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  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybridization_assay, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox,

  • Concept URI token: hybridizationassay

    • @@ -887,7 +888,7 @@

    Child of: bioanalyticalmethod

  • Determination of nucleotide sequence (the DNA primary structure) using non-Sanger-based high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies where millions of DNA strands can be sequenced in parallel. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262)

  • Alternate labels: Massive parallel sequencing, Massively parallel sequencing, Second generation sequencing,

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox,

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  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox,

  • Concept URI token: nextgenerationsequencing

    • @@ -898,7 +899,7 @@

    bioanalyticalmethod

  • Polymerase chain reaction to quantify target nucleotide sequences of interest. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262). Quantitative PCR adds two elements to the standard Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) process: 1)Fluorescent dye and 2) Fluorometer. These two elements turn qPCR to a measurement technique in its own right. The fluorometer detects fluorescence in real time as the thermal cycler runs, giving readings throughout the amplification process of the PCR. As a result, quantitative PCR is also called real-time PCR or RT-PCR. (https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/ask-a-scientist/what-is- qpcr/)

  • Alternate labels: DNA amplification, DNA enrichment, Quantitative PCR,

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  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/ask-a-scientist/what-is-qpcr/,

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  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/ask-a-scientist/what-is-qpcr/,

  • Concept URI token: quantitativepolymerasechainreaction

    • @@ -909,7 +910,7 @@

    bioanalyticalmethod

  • Method for determining nucleotide sequence of DNA based on incorporating chain-terminating dideoxynucleotides. Note: The method is named after Frederick Sanger (1918–2013, awarded the Nobel Prize in 1958 and 1980). (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262)

  • Alternate labels: Chain termination sequencing

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  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox,

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  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox,

  • Concept URI token: sangersequencing

    • @@ -920,7 +921,7 @@

    bioanalyticalmethod

  • Method used for determining the order of bases in long DNA using sequencing of DNA broken up randomly into numerous small segments. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262)

  • Alternate labels: Shot gun sequencing

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  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox,

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  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox,

  • Concept URI token: shotgunmethod

    • @@ -940,7 +941,7 @@

  • Child of: chromatographyanalysis

  • A chromatography analysis in which the mobile phase is a gas. Subclasses are differentiated on the sample preparation workflow (e.g. pyrolysis) and the type of detector used to analyze the eluates. This vocabulary does not define an exhaustive set of subclasses.

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: gaschromatographyanalysis

    • @@ -963,7 +964,7 @@

    @@ -974,7 +975,7 @@
    gaschromatographyanalysis

  • A gas chromatography method that uses a flame ionization detector (FID) to measure the concentration of organic species in a gas stream emerging from the column. An FID typically uses a Hydrogen/Air flame into which the sample is passed to oxidize organic molecules and produces electrically charged particles (ions). The ions are collected and produce an electrical signal which is then measured. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0111)

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0111, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, NASA,

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  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0111, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, NASA,

  • Concept URI token: gaschromatographyflameionizationdetection

    • @@ -983,7 +984,7 @@
    gaschromatographyflameionizationdetection pyrolysisgaschromatography

  • Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography that uses a flame ionization detector (FID) to measure the concentration of organic species in a gas stream emerging from the column. An FID typically uses a Hydrogen/Air flame into which the sample is passed to oxidize organic molecules and produces electrically charged particles (ions). The ions are collected and produce an electrical signal which is then measured. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0111)

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0111, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0111, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox,

  • Concept URI token: pyrolysisgaschromatographyflameionizationdetection

    • @@ -994,7 +995,7 @@
    gaschromatographyanalysis massspectrometry

  • Technique by which a mixture is separated into individual components by gas chromatography, followed by detection with a mass spectrometer. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06)

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex,

  • Concept URI token: gaschromatographymassspectrometry

    • @@ -1008,7 +1009,7 @@

    @@ -1019,7 +1020,7 @@
    gaschromatographymassspectrometry pyrolysisgaschromatography

  • Mass spectrometry technique in which the sample is heated to the point of decomposition and the gas phase decomposition products are characterized by mass spectrometry. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06).

  • Alternate labels: Pyrolysis mass spectrometry

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox,

  • Concept URI token: pyrolysisgaschromatographymassspectrometry

    • @@ -1030,7 +1031,7 @@
    gaschromatographyanalysis

  • A gas chromatography method that uses a Thermal Conductivity Detector to analyze inorganic gases (Argon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Carbon Dioxide, etc.) and small hydrocarbon molecules emerging from the chromatography column. The TCD compares the thermal conductivity of two gas flows - the pure carrier (reference) gas and the sample. Changes in the temperature of the electrically-heated wires in the detector are affected by the thermal conductivity of the gas which flows around this. The changes in this thermal conductivity are sensed as a change in electrical resistance and are measured. (NASA; UUID: f54fd6d0-9705-4f45-8c78-7eaba058b1b6)

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, NASA,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, NASA,

  • Concept URI token: gaschromatographythermalconductivitydetection

    • @@ -1049,7 +1050,7 @@
    gaschromatographyflameionizationdetection pyrolysisgaschromatography

  • Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography that uses a flame ionization detector (FID) to measure the concentration of organic species in a gas stream emerging from the column. An FID typically uses a Hydrogen/Air flame into which the sample is passed to oxidize organic molecules and produces electrically charged particles (ions). The ions are collected and produce an electrical signal which is then measured. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0111)

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0111, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0111, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox,

  • Concept URI token: pyrolysisgaschromatographyflameionizationdetection

    • @@ -1060,7 +1061,7 @@
    gaschromatographymassspectrometry pyrolysisgaschromatography

  • Mass spectrometry technique in which the sample is heated to the point of decomposition and the gas phase decomposition products are characterized by mass spectrometry. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06).

  • Alternate labels: Pyrolysis mass spectrometry

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox,

  • Concept URI token: pyrolysisgaschromatographymassspectrometry

    • @@ -1073,7 +1074,7 @@

    Child of: chromatographyanalysis

  • A chromatography analysis in which the mobile phase is a liquid

  • Alternate labels: HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: liquidchromatographyanalysis

    • @@ -1083,7 +1084,7 @@

    Child of: liquidchromatographyanalysis

  • liquid chromatography analysis using conductivity detectors where a combination of weak ionic solvents are used to separate anions and cations of a solution, with the contribution of the solvent to conductivity suppressed just prior to detection; measures anions such as sulfate, nitrate, and chloride in hydrometers. Chromatography in which separation is based mainly on differences in the ion-exchange affinities of the sample components. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0111)

  • Alternate labels: Ion chromatography, Ion exchange chromatography,

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0111, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, NASA,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0111, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, NASA,

  • Concept URI token: ionchromatographyanalysis

    • @@ -1092,7 +1093,7 @@

  • Child of: ionchromatographyanalysis

  • Anion-exchange chromatography is when the stationary phase is positively charged and negatively charged molecules are loaded to be attracted to it. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography)

    • -

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: anionchromatographyanalysis

    • @@ -1112,7 +1113,7 @@
    ionchromatographyanalysis

  • By varying the concentration of the eluant, ions with widely differing affinities for the separator resin can be eluted in one run (https://assets.thermofisher.com/TFS-Assets/CMD/Technical- Notes/tn-19-ic-gradient-elution-lpn032834-en.pdf). Components: 1) sample prep: load sample in solution; 2) elution - column, vary concentration of eluent; 3) detection- not specified

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb

  • Concept URI token: gradientionchromatographyanalysis

    • @@ -1123,7 +1124,7 @@
    liquidchromatographyanalysis massspectrometry

  • technique used to separate, detect, identify, and quantify components of a complex mixture. The solid sample is extracted in a solvent to pull out soluble target compounds; this creates both a solid residue and a liquid extract. The extract can be subjected to additional procedures, for cleanup or exposure to acid vapor to break apart large molecules. The final extracted solution is injected into the LC, which separates compounds in the solution and then passes them into the MS, where their mass spectra are measured. Each time point on the chromatogram is linked to a mass spectrum from which the most intense signals are fragmented at defined CID (colision induced dissociation) energy. The combination of retention time (i.e., how long it takes for the compound to pass through the LC) and mass spectrum allows for identification of the compounds when compared to standards. The LC-MS-MS converted data is in a unversal format of data called mzML and used internationally in LC-MS-MS analytical community of small molecules, peptides to proteins. mzML is a universal Mass spectrometry format. xml namespace =http://psi.hupo.org/ms/mzml; schema location http://psidev.info/files/ms/mzML/xsd/mzML1.1.0.xsd

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: liquidchromatographymassspectrometry

    • @@ -1133,7 +1134,7 @@
    liquidchromatographyanalysis

  • Liquid chromatography – organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) is an analytical technique for identification and quantification of natural organic matter (NOM) constituents in aquatic environments and water- soluble synthetic organic matter in water.

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox

  • Concept URI token: liquidchromatographyorganiccarbondetection

    • @@ -1153,7 +1154,7 @@

    electrochemicaltechniques

  • Technique based on measurement of current at a controlled applied potential. Application: monitoring of carbon monoxide in air, dissolved oxygen in water (Clark electrode), glucose in blood (glucose electrode). (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109).

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox,

  • Concept URI token: amperometry

    • @@ -1163,7 +1164,7 @@

    electrochemicaltechniques

  • Coulometry uses either an applied current or potential to exhaustively convert an analyte from one oxidation state to another at the working electrode. In these experiments, the total current passed is measured directly or indirectly to determine the number of electrons passed. Knowing the number of electrons passed, extract the concentration of the analyte (Timothee Houssin, … Vincent Senez, in Waterborne Pathogens (Second Edition), 2021)

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: coulometricalanalysis

    • @@ -1183,7 +1184,7 @@

    electrochemicaltechniques

  • tool to investigate properties of materials and electrode reactions. the response of the system (ionic solution and electrodes) to a potential or current sinusoidal perturbation is studied as a function of the frequency, which is swept over a few decades. The frequency sweep enables access to all processes taking place at the electrode: charge transfer and mass transport. Any other electrical contribution and artefacts are visible with EIS. (https://www.biologic.net/topics/what-is-eis/). Electrochemical impedance is the response of an electrochemical system (cell) to an applied potential. The frequency dependence of this impedance can reveal underlying chemical processes. (https://www.jlab.org/conference s/tfsrf/Thursday/Th2_1-EIS%20intro%20Reece.pdf)

  • Alternate labels: IMPEDANCE ELECTROCHEMICAL SPECTROSCOPY

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://www.biologic.net/topics/what-is-eis/, https://www.jlab.org/conferences/tfsrf/Thursday/Th2_1-EIS%20intro%20Reece.pdf,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://www.biologic.net/topics/what-is-eis/, https://www.jlab.org/conferences/tfsrf/Thursday/Th2_1-EIS%20intro%20Reece.pdf,

  • Concept URI token: electrochemicalimpedancespectroscopy

    • @@ -1193,7 +1194,7 @@

    electrochemicaltechniques

  • Technique in which the potential difference between an indicator electrode and a reference electrode is measured. Application: gas- sensing electrodes (e.g., for CO2, NH3, NOx), determination of oxygen in the gas phase (lambda probe) or ions in water solutions (pH sensitive electrodes, ion-sensitive electrodes). (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109).

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: potentiometry

    • @@ -1203,7 +1204,7 @@

    Child of: potentiometry

  • measurements of the potential of ion-selective electrodes is used to determine activity (not concentration) of ions. Such electrodes are relatively free from interference and provide a rapid and convenient means for quantitative estimations of numerous important anions and cations. The method is based on measuring the potential of electrochemical cells without drawing appreciable current. (Skoog, Holler, & Crouch, p. 601; https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anal ytical_Chemistry/Physical_Methods_in_Chemistry_and_Nano_Science_(Barro n)/01%3A_Elemental_Analysis/1.07%3A_Ion_Selective_Electrode_Analysis)

  • Alternate labels: ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODE

    • -

  • Source: https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Physical_Methods_in_Chemistry_and_Nano_Science_(Barron)/01%3A_Elemental_Analysis/1.07%3A_Ion_Selective_Electrode_Analysis, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch,

    • +

  • Source: https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Physical_Methods_in_Chemistry_and_Nano_Science_(Barron)/01%3A_Elemental_Analysis/1.07%3A_Ion_Selective_Electrode_Analysis, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch,

  • Concept URI token: ionsensitiveelectrodeanalysis

    • @@ -1214,7 +1215,7 @@

  • Child of: electrochemicaltechniques

  • Redox potential is an electrical measurement that shows the tendency of a solution to transfer electrons to or from a reference electrode. From this measurement we can estimate whether the sample is aerobic, anaerobic, and whether chemical compounds such as Fe oxides or nitrate have been chemically reduced or are present in their oxidized forms. The redox potential is used to describe a system’s overall reducing or oxidizing capacity. The redox potential is measured in millivolts (mV) relative to a standard hydrogen electrode and is commonly measured using a platinum electrode with a saturated calomel electrode as reference.

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, DFG,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, DFG,

  • Concept URI token: redoxpotentialmeasurement

    • @@ -1225,7 +1226,7 @@

    electrochemicaltechniques

  • Voltammetry is based on the measurement of the current that develops in an electrochemical cell under conditions where concentration polarization exists. Voltammetry comprises a group of electroanalytical methods in which information about the analyte is obtained by measuring current as a function of applied potential under conditions that promote polarization of an indicator, or working, electrode. [Skoog, Holler & Crouch, p. 653).

  • Alternate labels: INVERSION VOLT-AMPEROMETRY, VOLTAMETRY,

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch,

  • Concept URI token: voltammetry

    • @@ -1234,7 +1235,7 @@
    voltammetry

  • A type of voltammetry in which the working electrode is a unique dropping mercury electrode. Voltammetry is based on the measurement of the current that develops in an electrochemical cell under conditions where concentration polarization exists. At one time, polarography was an important tool for the determination of inorganic ions and certain organic species in aqueous solutions. Many of these analytical applications have been replaced by spectroscopic methods, and polarography became a less-important method of analysis except for certain special applications, such as the determination of molecular oxygen in solutions. (Skoog et al, p. 653, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarography, https://unacademy.com/content/nta-ugc/study-material/pharmaceutical- analysis/polarography/)

    • -

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarography, https://unacademy.com/content/nta-ugc/study-material/pharmaceutical-analysis/polarography/, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarography, https://unacademy.com/content/nta-ugc/study-material/pharmaceutical-analysis/polarography/, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch,

  • Concept URI token: polarography

    • @@ -1254,7 +1255,7 @@

  • Child of: electrondiffraction

  • a flat/polished crystalline specimen is placed in the SEM chamber at a highly tilted angle (~70degree from horizontal) towards the diffraction camera, to increase the contrast in the resultant electron backscatter diffraction pattern. The phosphor screen is located within the specimen chamber of the SEM at an angle of approximately 90degree to the pole piece and is coupled to a compact lens which focuses the image from the phosphor screen onto the CCD camera. In this configuration, some of the electrons which enter the sample backscatter and may escape. As these electrons leave the sample, they may exit at the Bragg condition related to the spacing of the periodic atomic lattice planes of the crystalline structure and diffract. These diffracted electrons can escape the material and some will collide and excite the phosphor causing it to fluoresce. Acquired with EMPA, SEM, TEM

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, DFG,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, DFG,

  • Concept URI token: electronbackscatterdiffraction

    • @@ -1264,7 +1265,7 @@

  • Child of: electrondiffraction

  • In a transmission electron microscope, the electron beam passes through a thin film of the examined material. As it interacts with the sample, part of the beam is diffracted and part is transmitted through the sample without changing its direction. Below the sample, the beam is controlled by another set of magnetic lens and apertures. Each set of initially parallel rays is focused by the first lens Objective (optics) to a certain point in the back focal plane of the first lens, forming a spot. The location of these spots is related to the interplanar distance in the sample. Other lenses below the sample can be used to produce a magnified image of the spots for all the different directions that the electrons leave the sample, a diffraction pattern. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_diffract ion#In_a_transmission_electron_microscope)

    • -

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_diffraction#In_a_transmission_electron_microscope, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_diffraction#In_a_transmission_electron_microscope, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex,

  • Concept URI token: transmittedelectrondiffraction

    • @@ -1276,7 +1277,7 @@

    analyticalmethod

  • Technique to quantify carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and sometimes other elements by heating the sample at very high temperature (pyrolysis) in oxygen or oxygen free atmosphere, and assaying the resulting gaseous oxides. The products typically undergo some chemical refinement, with the final product analyzed by mass spectrometry or infrared/optical spectroscopy. Usually used for samples including organic material. (http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB01; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elemental_analysis).

  • Alternate labels: MICROSCOPE VACUUM HEATING STAGE

    • -

  • Source: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB01, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elemental_analysis, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB01, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elemental_analysis, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: elementalanalysis

    • @@ -1296,7 +1297,7 @@

  • Child of: elementalanalysis massspectrometry

  • Mass spectrometry method that uses an elemental analyzer (typically a pyrolysis process to extract volatile components in the sample) to extract the aliquots (typically as gas) to be atomized and passed to the mass analyzer.

  • Alternate labels: Elemental analyzer mass spectrometry

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat

  • Concept URI token: elementalanalysismassspectrometry

    • @@ -1306,7 +1307,7 @@

    elementalanalysismassspectrometry isotoperatiomassspectrometry

  • Isotope-Ratio mass spectrometry that extracts analytes from a sample using elemental analyzer with a contintuous flow of gas to be atomized, ionized and passed to the mass analyzer. Components: 1) elemental analyzer; 2) continuous flow input. 3) mass analyzer 4) detectors. Analyzed aliquots are gas.

  • Alternate labels: ELEMENTAL ANALYSER CONTINUOUS FLOW ISOTOPIC RATIO MASS SPECTROMETER, ELEMENTAL ANALYZER CONTINUOUS-FLOW ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETRY,

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: continuousflowisotoperatiomassspectrometry

    • @@ -1317,7 +1318,7 @@
    elementalanalysismassspectrometry isotoperatiomassspectrometry

  • Measurement and study of the relative abundances of the different isotopes of an element in a material using a mass spectrometer which is coupled with an elemental analyzer. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06). Isotope and chemical analysis of H, C, N, O and S in a sample. (OSIRIS-REx confluence)

  • Alternate labels: Elemental analyzer - isotope ratio mass spectrometry

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: elementalanalysisisotoperatiomassspectrometry

    • @@ -1338,7 +1339,7 @@

    Child of: geochronology trackcounting

  • Like fission-track dating, alpha-recoil track (ART) dating is based on the accumulation of nuclear particles that are released by natural radioactivity and produce etchable tracks in solids. ARTs are formed during the alpha-decay of uranium and thorium as well as of their daughter nuclei. When emitting an alpha-particle, the heavy remaining nucleus recoils 30-40 nm, leaving behind a trail of radiation damage. Through etching the ART tracks become visible with interference phase- contrast microscopy. Alpha-recoil dating has a great potential for Quaternary chronometry and tephrochronology. (https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00185-0)

  • Alternate labels: ALPHA-RECOIL TRACKS DATING

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00185-0, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00185-0, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc,

  • Concept URI token: alpharecoiltrackcounting

    • @@ -1349,7 +1350,7 @@

  • Child of: geochronology

  • a technique used to date materials by measuring the amount of unpaired electrons in crystalline structures that were previously exposed to natural radiation. The age of a substance can be determined by measuring the dosage of radiation since the time of its formation. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_spin_resonance_dating). electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a method for studying materials that have unpaired electrons. The basic concepts of EPR are analogous to those of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), but the spins excited are those of the electrons instead of the atomic nuclei. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_paramagnetic_resonance)

  • Alternate labels: ELECTRON-SPIN RESONANCE AGE

    • -

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_spin_resonance_dating, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_spin_resonance_dating, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc,

  • Concept URI token: electronspinresonanceageanalysis

    • @@ -1360,7 +1361,7 @@

    geochronology trackcounting

  • Fission track age with correction applied for partial annealing using Isothermal plateau correction (https://doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(92)90017-V)

  • Alternate labels: FISSION TRACK, ISOTHERMAL PLATEAU FISSION TRACK ANALYSIS,

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(92)90017-V, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(92)90017-V, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: fissiontrackcounting

    • @@ -1371,7 +1372,7 @@

    geochronology

  • determination of cooling age of a sample through one of several workflows. All the workflows involve irradiating the sample to produce Ar39 from K39, and then measuring the ratio of Ar40 to Ar39 in the irradiated sample. The Ar39 is a proxy for the potassium concentration, allowing determination of the temporal duration of K decay to accumulate radiogenic Ar since cooling of the sample below argon retention temperature.

  • Alternate labels: 40Ar/39Ar geochronology and thermochronology

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: geochronology40ar39ar

    • @@ -1390,7 +1391,7 @@

    imagingtechniques surfaceanalysis

  • a sharp probe tip mounted on a microcantilever scans over the specimen line by line, whereby the topographic image of the sample surface is generated by ‘feeling’ rather than ‘looking.’ (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16712-6_496). As the tip approaches the surface, the close-range, attractive forces between the surface and the tip causes the cantilever to deflect towards the surface. However, as the cantilever is brought even closer to the surface, until the tip makes contact with it, increasingly repulsive forces takes over and causes the cantilever to deflect away from the surface. (https://lnf- wiki.eecs.umich.edu/wiki/Atomic_force_microscopy)

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16712-6_496, https://lnf-wiki.eecs.umich.edu/wiki/Atomic_force_microscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16712-6_496, https://lnf-wiki.eecs.umich.edu/wiki/Atomic_force_microscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex,

  • Concept URI token: afmtopographyimaging

    • @@ -1400,7 +1401,7 @@

    imagingtechniques

  • To conduct an atom probe experiment a very sharp needle shaped specimen is placed in an ultra high vacuum chamber. After introduction into the vacuum system, the sample is reduced to cryogenic temperatures (typically 20-100 K) and manipulated such that the needle’s point is aimed towards an ion detector. A high voltage is applied to the specimen, and either a laser pulse is applied to the specimen or a voltage pulse (typically 1-2 kV) with pulse repetition rates in the hundreds of kilohertz range is applied to a counter electrode. The application of the pulse to the sample allows for individual atoms at the sample surface to be ejected as an ion from the sample surface at a known time. Typically the pulse amplitude and the high voltage on the specimen are computer controlled to encourage only one atom to ionize at a time, but multiple ionizations are possible. The delay between application of the pulse and detection of the ion(s) at the detector allow for the computation of a mass-to- charge ratio. The method is destructive in nature removing ions from a sample surface in order to image and identify them, generating magnifications sufficient to observe individual atoms as they are removed from the sample surface. Through coupling of this magnification method with time of flight mass spectrometry, ions evaporated by application of electric pulses can have their mass-to- charge ratio computed. Through successive evaporation of material, layers of atoms are removed from a specimen, allowing for probing not only of the surface, but also through the material itself.The instrument allows the three-dimensional reconstruction of up to billions of atoms from a sharp tip (corresponding to specimen volumes of 10,000-10,000,000 nm3). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_probe)

    • -

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_probe, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_probe, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex,

  • Concept URI token: atomprobetomography

    • @@ -1411,7 +1412,7 @@

    Child of: imagingtechniques

  • In a vacuum chamber containing the sample of interest, an electron beam is focused on the sample, causing cathodoluminescence (CL), the generation of electromagnetic radiation ranging from the ultraviolet (UV) to the near-infrared (NIR) regime of the electromagnetic spectrum. The light is collected with a collection optic (e.g. mirror or objective) and directed to a light detection unit, or directly captured by a detector in the chamber. This detector output is used to characterize various aspects of the light signal such as its intensity, color, and more. Many trace elements or dopants can be sensitively detected with CL because they have different optical transitions than the bulk materials they are embedded in. It is possible to look at crystal defects as these can alter the local optical properties of the material. CL can also image optical resonances and guided modes in a range of (resonant) photonic and plasmonic systems. (https://www.delmic.com/en/techniques/cathodoluminescence)

  • Alternate labels: High resolution cathodoluminescence

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, https://www.delmic.com/en/techniques/cathodoluminescence,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://www.delmic.com/en/techniques/cathodoluminescence,

  • Concept URI token: cathodoluminescenceimaging

    • @@ -1422,7 +1423,7 @@

    Child of: imagingtechniques particlebeamexcitation

  • Technique that produces images by scanning an electron beam over a sample surface and measureing the intensity of electrons emitted from or transmitted through the sample.

  • Alternate labels: ANAYTICAL ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: electronmicroscopyimaging

    • @@ -1431,7 +1432,7 @@
    electronmicroscopyimaging

  • Image showing grain boundaries generated by detecting crytallographic orientation changes in a raster of backscattered electron diffraction data points.

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: backscatteredelectrongrainboundarymap

    • @@ -1442,7 +1443,7 @@

    Child of: electronmicroscopyimaging

  • Techniques that involve bombarding a sample with an accelerated electron beam to produce backscattered electrons. An image is formed by scanning the beam in a raster across the sample surface and measuring the intensity (count?) of backscattered electrons at each sample point. BSEs are reflected back after elastic interactions between the beam and the sample. BSE images show high sensitivity to differences in atomic number; the higher the atomic number, the brighter the material appears in the image. (https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/materials/sem-signal-types- electrons-and-the-information-they-provide/)

  • Alternate labels: Backscatter electron microscopy

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: backscatteredelectronimaging

    • @@ -1453,7 +1454,7 @@

    Child of: electronmicroscopyimaging

  • Techniques that involve bombarding a sample with an accelerated electron or ion beam to produce secondary electrons. An image is formed by scanning the beam in a raster across the sample surface and measuring the intensity (count?) of secondary electrons emitted at each sample point. Secondary electrons are a result of inelastic interactions between the excitation beam and atoms in the sample; they originate from the surface region of the sample. Secondary electron imaging can provide detailed surface information. (https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/materials/sem-signal-types- electrons-and-the-information-they-provide/)

  • Alternate labels: Secondary electron microscopy

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/materials/sem-signal-types-electrons-and-the-information-they-provide/,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/materials/sem-signal-types-electrons-and-the-information-they-provide/,

  • Concept URI token: secondaryelectronimaging

    • @@ -1464,7 +1465,7 @@

    Child of: electronmicroscopyimaging

  • technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. Multiple operating modes based on electron imaging include conventional imaging, scanning TEM imaging (STEM), and electron diffraction. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy)

  • Alternate labels: Transmission electron microscopy

    • -

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex,

  • Concept URI token: transmissionelectronimaging

    • @@ -1474,7 +1475,7 @@
    transmissionelectronimaging

  • The principle is to illuminate a very thin specimen with a beam of high energy electrons. Some of these electrons will interact with the specimen and result in elastic or inelastic scattering. Inelastic scattering results in both a loss of energy and a change in momentum, which in the case of inner shell ionization, the energy loss is characteristic of the element the electron interacted with. After the electron energy loss spectrum forms in the energy filter, an adjustable energy slit allows only electrons that have not lost energy to pass through to form the image. This is known as zero-loss filtering. The filtering prevents inelastically scattered electrons from contributing to the image plus enhances contrast image and resolution. In addition to zero-loss filtering, you can adjust the system to select electrons that have lost a specific amount of energy to obtain additional contrast effects and compositionally sensitive images. (https://eels.info/about/techniques/eftem)

  • Alternate labels: Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy

    • -

  • Source: https://eels.info/about/techniques/eftem, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex,

    • +

  • Source: https://eels.info/about/techniques/eftem, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex,

  • Concept URI token: energyfilteredtransmissionelectronimaging

    • @@ -1485,7 +1486,7 @@
    transmissionelectronimaging

  • In STEM the electron beam is focused to a fine spot (with the typical spot size 0.05 – 0.2 nm) which is then scanned over the sample in a raster illumination system constructed so that the sample is illuminated at each point with the beam parallel to the optical axis. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy). In TEM parallel electron beams are focused perpendicular to the sample plane, in STEM the beam is focused at a large angle and is converged into a focal point. The transmitted signal is collected as a function of the beam location as it is rastered across the sample. There are multiple detectors for STEM imaging: 1) BF (bright-field) detector: small angles (0-10 mrad). These images are similar to the bright-field images obtained using TEM; 2) ADF (annular dark-field ) detector: larger angles (10-50 mrad); 3) HAADF (high-angle annular dark-field) detector: Angles greater than 50mrad. (https://chem.libretexts.org/Cou rses/Franklin_and_Marshall_College/Introduction_to_Materials_Character ization_CHM_412_Collaborative_Text/Electron_and_Probe_Microscopy/Tran smission_electron_microscopy(TEM)%3A_TEM_versus_STEM_and_HAADF )

  • Alternate labels: Scanning transmission electron microscopy

    • -

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex,

  • Concept URI token: scanningtransmissionelectronimaging

    • @@ -1497,7 +1498,7 @@

    • Child of: imagingtechniques particlebeamexcitation

    • Production of images by scanning an ion beam in a raster across a sample surface and detecting secondary or backscattered electrons from each point to generate an image. Instrument used is typically an electron microscope that has an additional ion beam excitation source.

      • -

    • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

      • +

    • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

    • Concept URI token: focusedionbeamscanningmicroscopy

    @@ -1508,7 +1509,7 @@

    Child of: imagingtechniques

  • Images acquired for a particular spectral channel [need more information]

  • Alternate labels: Quantitative reflectance imaging system

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: quantitativereflectanceimagingsystem

    • @@ -1518,7 +1519,7 @@

  • Child of: imagingtechniques

  • Determination of the three-dimensional shape of an object using projected light patterns, a camera system, and digital processing. The light source from the scanner head projects a series of parallel patterns onto the scan target. When light projects onto the object’s surface, the patterns become distorted. The cameras capture these images and send them to the 3D scanning software for processing.

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: structuredlightscanning

    • @@ -1529,7 +1530,7 @@

    imagingtechniques

  • Visualization of infrared spectra data collected at a raster of points on a sample surface by selecting particular spectral intervals normalizing and mapping the measured intensity in the interval to an image channel; gray scale image based on a single spectral interval, color image with three intervals mapped to R,G,B channels.

  • Alternate labels: Visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared (VNMIR) 2D spectral raster SwRI micro-FTIR

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: visiblenearinfraredandmidinfraredimaging

    • @@ -1540,7 +1541,7 @@

    imagingtechniques

  • As X-rays pass through an object, X-rays of a particular wavelength are attentuated more or less depending on the materials through which the X-rays pass and the thickness of the material. The attenuation of X-rays passing through the object makes a ‘shadow pattern’ which can be captured for study on photographic film, or by a reusable phosphor screen which can be read by a digital scanner, or directly by a digital detector. The resulting X-radiographs enable visualizing features hidden below an object’s surface. The different attenuation values can also be used to distinguish between materials which look the same under visible light but have different X-ray absorptions. (https://www.fieldmuseum.org/science/research/area/conserving- collections/examination-documentation/x-radiography)

  • Alternate labels: X-RADIOGRAPHY

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://www.fieldmuseum.org/science/research/area/conserving-collections/examination-documentation/x-radiography,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://www.fieldmuseum.org/science/research/area/conserving-collections/examination-documentation/x-radiography,

  • Concept URI token: xrayimaging

    • @@ -1550,7 +1551,7 @@

    Child of: xrayimaging

  • Technique uses electromagnetic radiation in the X-ray band to produce magnified images of objects. Since X-rays penetrate most objects, there is no need to specially prepare them for X-ray microscopy observations. Because X-rays do not reflect or refract easily and are invisible to the human eye an X-ray microscope exposes film or uses a charge-coupled device (CCD) detector to detect X-rays that pass through the specimen. It is a contrast imaging technology using the difference in absorption of soft X-rays in the water window region (wavelengths: 2.34-4.4 nm, energies: 280-530 eV) by the carbon atom (main element composing the living cell) and the oxygen atom (an element of water). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_microscope)

  • Alternate labels: X-RAY MICROSCOPY ANALYSIS

    • -

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_microscope, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_microscope, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat,

  • Concept URI token: microscopicxrayimaging

    • @@ -1561,7 +1562,7 @@

    Child of: xrayimaging

  • 2D Radiograph collected as a stack of planar surfaces by focusing X-rays at progressively greater depth throught the sample. The stack is then used for the reconstruction process to create a 3D volume.

  • Alternate labels: X-ray computed micro-tomography (XCMT)

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: xraycomputedtomography

    • @@ -1570,7 +1571,7 @@
    synchrotonxrayfluorescencespectrometry xraycomputedtomography

  • X-ray flourescence spectrometery focused to extract inforamtion from inside the volume of a sample, with X-rays sourced from a synchrotron.

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: synchrotronxrayfluorescencetomography

    • @@ -1581,7 +1582,7 @@
    xrayimaging

  • image produced using composition data derived from X-ray spectra analysis at a raster of points on a sample surface. Might be based on EDS or WDS data

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: xraymap

    • @@ -1591,7 +1592,7 @@
    xraymap

  • production of composition-related images by selecting particular X-ray wavelength intervals from a set of EDS spectra acquired in a raster on a sample surface. If one wavelenth interval is rpresented, get gray scale image. Can combine data from 3 intervals to generate more informative RGB images.

  • Alternate labels: Energy-dispersive X-ray spectral data (EDS) - 2D raster

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: energydispersivexrayspectraraster

    • @@ -1632,7 +1633,7 @@

  • Child of: microscopy

  • Fluorescence microscopy is capable of imaging the distribution of a single molecular species based solely on the properties of fluorescence emission. Thus, using fluorescence microscopy, the precise location of intracellular components labeled with specific fluorophores can be monitored, as well as their associated diffusion coefficients, transport characteristics, and interactions with other biomolecules. In addition, the dramatic response in fluorescence to localized environmental variables enables the investigation of pH, viscosity, refractive index, ionic concentrations, membrane potential, and solvent polarity in living cells and tissues. Fluorescence is the property of some atoms and molecules to absorb light at a particular wavelength and to subsequently emit light of longer wavelength after a brief interval, termed the fluorescence lifetime. http://micro.magnet .fsu.edu/primer/techniques/fluorescence/fluorhome.html

    • -

  • Source: http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/techniques/fluorescence/fluorhome.html, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, NASA,

    • +

  • Source: http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/techniques/fluorescence/fluorhome.html, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, NASA,

  • Concept URI token: fluorescencemicroscopy

    • @@ -1642,7 +1643,7 @@

  • Child of: microscopy

  • observation of samples at high magnification using transmitted or reflected light in human-visible part of the spectrum.

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: visiblelightmicroscopy

    • @@ -1651,7 +1652,7 @@
    other visiblelightmicroscopy

  • method to determine the proportion of an area that is covered by some objects of interest. In most cases the area is a thin section or a polished slab. The basic method is to cover the area by a grid of points. Then for each of these points, the underlying object is identified. Then the estimate for the proportion of the area covered by the type of object is based on the fraction of points assigned to that object type. ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_counting_(geology) ). The data are typically collected using a microscope.

    • -

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_counting_(geology), https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_counting_(geology), https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: pointcounting

    • @@ -1672,7 +1673,7 @@

    other

  • [might be: ]The Model 510 Moisture Analyzer (E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.) the sensing element is a quartz crystal coated with a hygroscopic material. The resonant frequency of such a crystal depends on the crystal mass (King, 1964). The mass (and, hence, resonant frequency) changes with the adsorption of moisture. A typical sensitivity factor is about 1 Hz per A thickness of added material. Two crystals are alternately exposed to sample air and dry air. The frequency difference between the two is indicated on the analyzer scale in parts per million (ppm) water vapor by volume. (https://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_138.pdf)

  • Alternate labels: DUPONT SOLID’S MOISTURE ANALYSIS

    • -

  • Source: https://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_138.pdf, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_138.pdf, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: moistureanalysis

    • @@ -1682,7 +1683,7 @@

    • Child of: other

    • Estimation of a particle size distribution by measuring diameter of a set of grains spread on a sample platter.

      • -

    • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

      • +

    • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

    • Concept URI token: particlesizedistributionanalysis

    @@ -1692,7 +1693,7 @@

    other visiblelightmicroscopy

  • method to determine the proportion of an area that is covered by some objects of interest. In most cases the area is a thin section or a polished slab. The basic method is to cover the area by a grid of points. Then for each of these points, the underlying object is identified. Then the estimate for the proportion of the area covered by the type of object is based on the fraction of points assigned to that object type. ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_counting_(geology) ). The data are typically collected using a microscope.

    • -

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_counting_(geology), https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_counting_(geology), https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: pointcounting

    • @@ -1722,7 +1723,7 @@

    Child of: imagingtechniques particlebeamexcitation

  • Technique that produces images by scanning an electron beam over a sample surface and measureing the intensity of electrons emitted from or transmitted through the sample.

  • Alternate labels: ANAYTICAL ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: electronmicroscopyimaging

    • @@ -1731,7 +1732,7 @@
    electronmicroscopyimaging

  • Image showing grain boundaries generated by detecting crytallographic orientation changes in a raster of backscattered electron diffraction data points.

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: backscatteredelectrongrainboundarymap

    • @@ -1742,7 +1743,7 @@
    <

  • Child of: electronmicroscopyimaging

  • Techniques that involve bombarding a sample with an accelerated electron beam to produce backscattered electrons. An image is formed by scanning the beam in a raster across the sample surface and measuring the intensity (count?) of backscattered electrons at each sample point. BSEs are reflected back after elastic interactions between the beam and the sample. BSE images show high sensitivity to differences in atomic number; the higher the atomic number, the brighter the material appears in the image. (https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/materials/sem-signal-types- electrons-and-the-information-they-provide/)

  • Alternate labels: Backscatter electron microscopy

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: backscatteredelectronimaging

    • @@ -1753,7 +1754,7 @@

    Child of: electronmicroscopyimaging

  • Techniques that involve bombarding a sample with an accelerated electron or ion beam to produce secondary electrons. An image is formed by scanning the beam in a raster across the sample surface and measuring the intensity (count?) of secondary electrons emitted at each sample point. Secondary electrons are a result of inelastic interactions between the excitation beam and atoms in the sample; they originate from the surface region of the sample. Secondary electron imaging can provide detailed surface information. (https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/materials/sem-signal-types- electrons-and-the-information-they-provide/)

  • Alternate labels: Secondary electron microscopy

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/materials/sem-signal-types-electrons-and-the-information-they-provide/,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/materials/sem-signal-types-electrons-and-the-information-they-provide/,

  • Concept URI token: secondaryelectronimaging

    • @@ -1764,7 +1765,7 @@

    Child of: electronmicroscopyimaging

  • technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. Multiple operating modes based on electron imaging include conventional imaging, scanning TEM imaging (STEM), and electron diffraction. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy)

  • Alternate labels: Transmission electron microscopy

    • -

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex,

  • Concept URI token: transmissionelectronimaging

    • @@ -1774,7 +1775,7 @@
    transmissionelectronimaging

  • The principle is to illuminate a very thin specimen with a beam of high energy electrons. Some of these electrons will interact with the specimen and result in elastic or inelastic scattering. Inelastic scattering results in both a loss of energy and a change in momentum, which in the case of inner shell ionization, the energy loss is characteristic of the element the electron interacted with. After the electron energy loss spectrum forms in the energy filter, an adjustable energy slit allows only electrons that have not lost energy to pass through to form the image. This is known as zero-loss filtering. The filtering prevents inelastically scattered electrons from contributing to the image plus enhances contrast image and resolution. In addition to zero-loss filtering, you can adjust the system to select electrons that have lost a specific amount of energy to obtain additional contrast effects and compositionally sensitive images. (https://eels.info/about/techniques/eftem)

  • Alternate labels: Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy

    • -

  • Source: https://eels.info/about/techniques/eftem, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex,

    • +

  • Source: https://eels.info/about/techniques/eftem, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex,

  • Concept URI token: energyfilteredtransmissionelectronimaging

    • @@ -1785,7 +1786,7 @@
    transmissionelectronimaging

  • In STEM the electron beam is focused to a fine spot (with the typical spot size 0.05 – 0.2 nm) which is then scanned over the sample in a raster illumination system constructed so that the sample is illuminated at each point with the beam parallel to the optical axis. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy). In TEM parallel electron beams are focused perpendicular to the sample plane, in STEM the beam is focused at a large angle and is converged into a focal point. The transmitted signal is collected as a function of the beam location as it is rastered across the sample. There are multiple detectors for STEM imaging: 1) BF (bright-field) detector: small angles (0-10 mrad). These images are similar to the bright-field images obtained using TEM; 2) ADF (annular dark-field ) detector: larger angles (10-50 mrad); 3) HAADF (high-angle annular dark-field) detector: Angles greater than 50mrad. (https://chem.libretexts.org/Cou rses/Franklin_and_Marshall_College/Introduction_to_Materials_Character ization_CHM_412_Collaborative_Text/Electron_and_Probe_Microscopy/Tran smission_electron_microscopy(TEM)%3A_TEM_versus_STEM_and_HAADF )

  • Alternate labels: Scanning transmission electron microscopy

    • -

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex,

  • Concept URI token: scanningtransmissionelectronimaging

    • @@ -1797,7 +1798,7 @@

    imagingtechniques particlebeamexcitation

  • Production of images by scanning an ion beam in a raster across a sample surface and detecting secondary or backscattered electrons from each point to generate an image. Instrument used is typically an electron microscope that has an additional ion beam excitation source.

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: focusedionbeamscanningmicroscopy

    • @@ -1808,7 +1809,7 @@

    Child of: particlebeamexcitation

  • Technique in which a focused beam of Me V light-mass ions is scanned across a sample surface. The most commonly used Me V ion is the proton, which is why the Nuclear Microprobe is also sometimes called the Scanning Proton Microprobe. However, other MeV light ions can generate the same analytical signals as protons, and are preferred for some of the analytical techniques described. The focused beam is scanned over the sample surface, and the strength of the relevant analytical signal is measured at each position in the scanned area to generate an image of the sample. There are many different types of interaction that can occur when an MeV ion is incident on a sample, and each one forms the basis of an analytical technique: Particle- Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE), Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS), Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) – nuclear reaction products such as alpha particles, protons, neutrons, or gamma rays are emitted. The energy of these charged reaction products is measured using a surface barrier detector . (https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1 146/annurev.ns.42.120192.000245)

  • Alternate labels: Scanning Proton Microprobe, scanning proton microscopy (SPM),

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.ns.42.120192.000245,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.ns.42.120192.000245,

  • Concept URI token: nuclearmicroprobeanalysis

    • @@ -1827,7 +1828,7 @@
    particleinducedxrayspectrometry

  • Within a given sample, once the X-ray intensities of each element of interest are “counted” in a detector at a specific beam current, the count rates are compared to those of standards containing known values of the elements of interest. Counting is typically done using wavelength-dispersive spectrometry. In turn, the X-ray intensities must be corrected for matrix effects associated with atomic number (Z), absorption (A) and fluorescence (F). This correction procedure is performed within a computer program that takes the raw counting rates of each element, compares these to standards, computes the ZAF correction (or similar type of correction) and displays the results as a function of the weight % of the oxides or elements. (https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/wds.html)

    • -

  • Source: https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/wds.html), https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc,

    • +

  • Source: https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/wds.html), https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc,

  • Concept URI token: quantitativeanalysisparticleinducedxrayspectrometry

    • @@ -1840,7 +1841,7 @@

    analyticalmethod

  • Technique that detects and counts photons or particles (neutrons, alpha particles) that are spontaneously emitted from a sample due to radioactive decay of elements in the sample.

  • Alternate labels: RADON METHOD, RN-EMANATION ANALYSIS,

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc

  • Concept URI token: particlecounting

    • @@ -1850,7 +1851,7 @@

    Child of: particlecounting

  • The count rate of alpha particles emitted form the surface of a sample; used to assess concentration of U, Th, other radiogenic elements

  • Alternate labels: ALPHA COUNTING, ALPHA PARTICLE DECAY COUNTING, ALPHA-DECAY COUNTING,

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: alphaparticlecounting

    • @@ -1860,7 +1861,7 @@

    particlecounting

  • counting gamma rays emitted spontaneously from a sample; by looking at the the distribution of energy and frequency of the emitted gamma rays, the presence of elements emitting those gamma rays can be estimated.

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: gammacounting

    • @@ -1871,7 +1872,7 @@

    particlecounting

  • Neutrons from spontaneous fission or induced fission in a sample are emitted essentially simultaneously. In many cases it is possible to obtain a nearly unique signature for a particular nuclear material. The measurement can be made in the presence of neutrons from room background or (a,n) reactions because these neutrons are noncoincident, or random, in their arrival times. used to measure the quantity of uranium or plutonium present in a sample. (https://www.lanl.gov/org/ddste/aldgs/sst-training/_assets/docs/PANDA/ Principles%20of%20Neutron%20Coincidence%20Counting%20Ch.%2016%20p.%204 57-492.pdf). A delayed neutron is a neutron emitted after a nuclear fission event, by one of the fission products (or actually, a fission product daughter after beta decay), any time from a few milliseconds to a few minutes after the fission event. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delayed_neutron).

  • Alternate labels: DELAYED NEUTRON COUNTING, NEUTRON COINCIDENCE COUNTING,

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://www.lanl.gov/org/ddste/aldgs/sst-training/_assets/docs/PANDA/Principles%20of%20Neutron%20Coincidence%20Counting%20Ch.%2016%20p.%20457-492.pdf,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://www.lanl.gov/org/ddste/aldgs/sst-training/_assets/docs/PANDA/Principles%20of%20Neutron%20Coincidence%20Counting%20Ch.%2016%20p.%20457-492.pdf,

  • Concept URI token: neutroncounting

    • @@ -1883,7 +1884,7 @@

    analyticalmethod

  • Measurement of elemental or isotopic contents in a specified amount of a material by irradiation with appropriately chosen penetrating radiation, either elementary particles or electromagnetic radiation, to induce nuclear reactions in the nuclei of the analyte, producing radioactive atoms. Analysis of the radiation emitted by these atoms when they decay allows determiniation of the composition of the sample. (Chai et al, IUPAC recommendations, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0302)

  • Alternate labels: PARTICULE INDUCED GAMMA-RAY EMISSION ANALYSIS, Particle induced activation analysis,

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0302, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0302, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc,

  • Concept URI token: particleinducedactivationanalysis

    • @@ -1892,7 +1893,7 @@

  • Child of: particleinducedactivationanalysis

  • irradiate sample with deuterons, measure gamma ray spectrum (https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02520983). Deuterons are nuclei of deuterium atoms, consisting of a proton and a neutron.

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02520983, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02520983, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc,

  • Concept URI token: deuteronactivationanalysis

    • @@ -1902,7 +1903,7 @@

  • Child of: particleinducedactivationanalysis

  • method based on the measurement of the radioactivity or radiation produced in samples when they are irradiated with neutrons (Skoog, Holler & Crouch, p. 842). Quantification of the elemental nuclei of interest is usually performed by gamma ray spectroscopy (high resolution germanium detector), or by beta counting (low background proportional or liquid scintillation counting) when pure beta emitters are measured. Quantification of elements is accomplished by comparison with standards typically processed in the same manner. (https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/instrumental- neutron-activation-analysis-inaa, https://serc.carleton.edu/research_e ducation/geochemsheets/techniques/INAA.html). Components: 1) sample irradiation 2) gamma ray spectrometry

    • -

  • Source: https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/INAA.html, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch, https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/instrumental-neutron-activation-analysis-inaa,

    • +

  • Source: https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/INAA.html, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch, https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/instrumental-neutron-activation-analysis-inaa,

  • Concept URI token: neutronactivationanalysis

    • @@ -1911,7 +1912,7 @@
    neutronactivationanalysis

  • method based on the measurement of the radioactivity or radiation produced in samples when they are irradiated with neutrons (Skoog, Holler & Crouch, p. 842). Epithermal neutrons have energies greater than thermal neutrons, but less than fast neutrons, 0.5 eV to 0.5 MeV. They can be described as incompletely moderated neutrons which are destined to become thermalised.

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch,

  • Concept URI token: epithermalneutronactivationanalysis

    • @@ -1931,7 +1932,7 @@
    neutronactivationanalysis

  • method based on the measurement of the radioactivity or radiation produced in samples when they are irradiated with neutrons (Skoog, Holler & Crouch, p. 842). Quantification of the elemental nuclei of interest is usually performed by gamma ray spectroscopy. Quantification of elements is accomplished by comparison with standards typically processed in the same manner. (https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/instrumental- neutron-activation-analysis-inaa, https://serc.carleton.edu/research_e ducation/geochemsheets/techniques/INAA.html). Instrumental indicates that no chemical pretreatment is performed on the sample prior to the irradiation process. The samples are simply packaged, irradiated for the specified length of time, allowed to decay, then counted, and the element results verified and reported. (https://elementalanalysis.com/naa/). Components: 1) sample irradiation 2) gamma ray spectrometry

    • -

  • Source: https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/INAA.html, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch, https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/instrumental-neutron-activation-analysis-inaa,

    • +

  • Source: https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/INAA.html, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch, https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/instrumental-neutron-activation-analysis-inaa,

  • Concept URI token: instrumentalneutronactivationanalysis

    • @@ -1941,7 +1942,7 @@
    neutronactivationanalysis

  • A pre-irradiation group concentration method invovling analysis of REE relative to samarium (Sm). The sample is split in two portions. Sm and Nd content of the rock is determined by mass spectrometry isotope dilution analysis on one split. The other split is further purified for REE by cation-exchange, and is used to determine the abundance of REE relative to Sm by NAA. The REE content of the rock is found by normalization to Sm content determined by mass spectrometry in the first portion. The result are directly comparable to REE analyzed by conventional INAA. (https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(90)90036-7, https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.907, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055022)

    • -

  • Source: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055022, https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.907, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(90)90036-7, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc,

    • +

  • Source: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055022, https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.907, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(90)90036-7, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc,

  • Concept URI token: pigsneutronactivationanalysis

    • @@ -1952,7 +1953,7 @@
    neutronactivationanalysis

  • NAA technique based on measurement of the gamma rays emitted during irradiation of the sample. (Skoog, Holler & Crouch, p. 842)

  • Alternate labels: Neutron-induced prompt gamma-ray analysis

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch,

  • Concept URI token: promptgammaneutronactivationanalysis

    • @@ -1963,7 +1964,7 @@
    neutronactivationanalysis wetchemistry

  • A method of NAA in which chemical separations are applied after the irradiation to separate activities of interest from interfering activities. (https://indico.cern.ch/event/716552/sessions/310934/attac hments/1848163/3033363/MonicaSisti_LRT2019.pdf slide 6, https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/radiochemical- neutron-activation-analysis-rnaa; Chai et al, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0302). Components: 1) sample irradiation 2) chemical processing 3) gamma ray spectrometry

  • Alternate labels: destructive activation analysis

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0302, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/radiochemical-neutron-activation-analysis-rnaa,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0302, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/radiochemical-neutron-activation-analysis-rnaa,

  • Concept URI token: radiochemicalneutronactivationanalysis

    • @@ -1985,7 +1986,7 @@

    Child of: particleinducedactivationanalysis

  • Activation of a sample with high-energy photons (gamma rays) to induce production of radionucleides that emit gamma radiation on decay; the decay-related gamma-ray spectrum is interpreted to determine composition of the sample (https://doi.org/10.3390/min11060617)

  • Alternate labels: INSTRUMENTAL PHOTON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.3390/min11060617, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.3390/min11060617, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc,

  • Concept URI token: photonactivationanalysis

    • @@ -1996,7 +1997,7 @@

    analyticalmethod

  • measurement of the luminance, luminous intensity, or luminance of a light source; with an output weighted by the wavelength response of the human eye. (Source: NASA; UUID; 806d0bc3-8d08-4418-800b-972292f3db99)

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox,

  • Concept URI token: photometry

    • @@ -2005,7 +2006,7 @@

    photometry

  • measurement of the luminance, luminous intensity, or luminance of an infrared light source;

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc

  • Concept URI token: infraredphotometry

    • @@ -2015,7 +2016,7 @@

    photometry

  • measurement of the luminance, luminous intensity, or luminance of infrared light light reflected from a sample;

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc

  • Concept URI token: infraredreflectance

    • @@ -2035,7 +2036,7 @@

    physicalpropertymeasurement

  • The gas adsorption technique may used to measure the specific surface area and pore size distribution of powdered or solid materials. The dry sample is usually evacuated of all gas and cooled to a temperature of 77K, the temperature of liquid nitrogen. At this temperature inert gases such as nitrogen, argon and krypton will physically adsorb on the surface of the sample. This adsorption process can be considered to be a reversible condensation or layering of molecules on the sample surface during which heat is evolved. Nitrogen gas is ideal for measuring surface area and pore size distribution. (http://www.cyto.purdue.edu/cdroms/cyto2/6/coulter/ss000107.htm)

  • Alternate labels: ADSORPTION

    • -

  • Source: http://www.cyto.purdue.edu/cdroms/cyto2/6/coulter/ss000107.htm, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc,

    • +

  • Source: http://www.cyto.purdue.edu/cdroms/cyto2/6/coulter/ss000107.htm, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc,

  • Concept URI token: adsorptionanalysis

    • @@ -2045,7 +2046,7 @@

  • Child of: physicalpropertymeasurement

  • A granular sample is poured to create a cone or slope at the maximum angle of stability. This slope could be directly measured with a angle tool, or better yet should be analyzed from a 3d reconstruction of the scene. Various techniques might be used to reconstruct the shape of the cone.

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: angleofreposemeasurement

    • @@ -2055,7 +2056,7 @@

  • Child of: physicalpropertymeasurement

  • Measurement of the linear coefficient of thermal expansion in a solid material, using a parallel plate capacitor with a one stationary plate, and one moveable plate. When the sample length changes, it moves the moveable plate, which changes the gap between the plates. The capacitance is inversely proportional to the gap. Changes in length of 10 picometres can be detected. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilatometer)

    • -

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilatometer, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilatometer, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex,

  • Concept URI token: capacitancedilatometry

    • @@ -2065,7 +2066,7 @@

    physicalpropertymeasurement

  • Uniaxial squeezing a single mm to sub-mm sample particle between two rigid metallic pistons for quantitative determination of mechanical properties (elastic modulus, crushing strength, critical flaw length at failure, and fracture behavior).

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: compressiontest

    • @@ -2075,7 +2076,7 @@

  • Child of: physicalpropertymeasurement

  • A shear stress is applied to a cubic sample until it fails (subdivides) by shear fracturing. The ultimate shear strength of the sample is determined from the peak of the resulting shear stress versus shear displacement curve

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: directshearstrengthmeasurement

    • @@ -2086,7 +2087,7 @@

    physicalpropertymeasurement

  • Measurement of the volume of a solid object, employing some method of gas displacement and the volume:pressure relationship known as Boyle’s Law. The methods uses two chambers, one (with a removable gas- tight lid) to hold the sample and a second chamber of fixed, known (via calibration) internal volume – referred to as the reference volume or added volume. The device has a valve to admit a gas under pressure to one of the chambers, a pressure measuring device – usually a transducer – connected to the first chamber, a valved pathway connecting the two chambers, and a valved vent from the second of the chambers. The volume of the sample is calculated from the known volumne of the empty sample chamber, the volume of the reference volume chamber, the pressure after gas is admitted to the sample chamber, and the pressure after expansion of the gas into both chambers. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_pycnometer)

  • Alternate labels: helium pycnometer

    • -

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_pycnometer, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_pycnometer, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex,

  • Concept URI token: gaspycnometry

    • @@ -2096,7 +2097,7 @@

    physicalpropertymeasurement

  • measurement of the pressure of gases or vapors

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: manometry

    • @@ -2106,7 +2107,7 @@

  • Child of: physicalpropertymeasurement

  • determine mechanical properties of materials from the load versus displacement curves as a micro indentor is pressed into the sample surface

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: nanoindentationandmicroindentation

    • @@ -2117,7 +2118,7 @@

    Child of: physicalpropertymeasurement

  • Measurement of cohesive force between dust-sized particles that are close or in direct contact is measured with an Atomic Force Microprobe. One particle is affixed to the pin on the cantilever arm of an AFM, while the second particle is fixed to a substrate. Particles should be characterized in SEM to determine particle shape and local radii at size of contact.

  • Alternate labels: Atomic force microscopy

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: particlecohesiondetermination

    • @@ -2138,7 +2139,7 @@

    physicalpropertymeasurement

  • The compression (p) and shear (s) wave velocities in rock may be determined using a pulse generator and p and s-wave ultrasonic transducers. The transducers are placed on opposite sides of a rock slab and the transit time is measured. (OSIRIS-REx confluence)

  • Alternate labels: Seismic velocities and rock ultrasonic elastic constants

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: seismicvelocitiesandrockultrasonicelasticconstants

    • @@ -2166,7 +2167,7 @@

    Child of: thermalanalysis

  • Technique where either the difference between heat flow rates into a sample and a reference material is measured (heat-flow DSC) or the difference between the electrical powers into a sample and a reference material is measured (power compensation DSC). (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2012-0609). A technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. By observing the difference in heat flow between the sample and reference, differential scanning calorimeters are able to measure the amount of heat absorbed or released during phase transitions. DSC may also be used to observe more subtle physical changes, such as glass transitions. It is widely used in industrial settings as a quality control instrument due to its applicability in evaluating sample purity and for studying polymer curing. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_scanning_calorimetry)

  • Alternate labels: Heat-flow DSC, Power compensation DSC,

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2012-0609, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_scanning_calorimetry, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, DFG,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2012-0609, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_scanning_calorimetry, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, DFG,

  • Concept URI token: differentialscanningcalorimetry

    • @@ -2177,7 +2178,7 @@

    Child of: thermalanalysis

  • Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a technique in which the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference. This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. DTA is similar to differential scanning calorimetry.

  • Alternate labels: Differential analyzer

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc

  • Concept URI token: differentialthermalanalyis

    • @@ -2188,7 +2189,7 @@

    Child of: thermalanalysis

  • a technique for evaluation of the self-heating characteristics of particles? [based on interpretation of https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.0c03332, not much online about this technique]. See also https://iris.unipv.it/bitstream/11571/1178389/6/After_revision.pdf . [would appear to be methods of analyzing the effectiveness of heating objects by electromagnetic induction] ‘Induction heating (IH) is commonly used for heating and heat treatment. An accurate prediction of temperature distribution is required to optimize the heating parameters…. temperature-dependent B (magnetic flux density)-H (magnetic field strength) curves and changes in phase transformation under rapid heating were measured and used for IH analysis’ ( https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2018-552)

  • Alternate labels: INDUCTION HEATING

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc

  • Concept URI token: inductionheatinganalysis

    • @@ -2198,7 +2199,7 @@

  • Child of: thermalanalysis

  • The principle of lock-in thermography is based on the application of a periodic input energy wave (i.e. thermal emitter, ultrasound, microwave, eddy current, flash or xenon lamp, halogen lamp, or laser) to the surface of the object being examined and analyzing the resulting local temperatures on the surface of the object using an infrared camera. When the input energy wave penetrates the object’s surface, is it absorbed and phase shifted. When the input wave reaches areas within the object where the thermophysical properties are not homogeneous in relation to the surrounding material, (i.e. at delaminations or inclusions), the input wave is partially reflected. The reflected portion of the wave interferes with the incoming input wave at the surface of the object, causing an interference pattern in the local surface temperature, which oscillates at the same frequency as the thermal wave. The internal structure of the object being examined can then be derived by evaluating the phase shift of the local surface temperatures in relation to the input energy wave. The ability to derive internal thermophysical inconsistencies within the object, however, requires that the input energy source be used at an optimal frequency, which depends on both the thermophysical characteristics of the object as well as its thickness. (https://movitherm.com/knowledgebase/what-is-lock-in-thermography/)

    • -

  • Source: https://movitherm.com/knowledgebase/what-is-lock-in-thermography/, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex,

    • +

  • Source: https://movitherm.com/knowledgebase/what-is-lock-in-thermography/, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex,

  • Concept URI token: lockinthermography

    • @@ -2208,7 +2209,7 @@
    thermalanalysis

  • measure the bulk thermal conductivity of a bar-shaped sample specimen across a wide range of temperatures, producing a table with thermal conductivity vs temperature. (OSIRIS-REx confluence). The label implies that the technique measures thermal conductivity at low temperatures, using a device that does not require liquid nitrogen or liquid helium for cooling. [need more information]

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: minicryogenfreemeasurementsystemforthermalconductivity

    • @@ -2218,7 +2219,7 @@
    thermalanalysis

  • Technique for measuring thermal conductivity, results based on a finite element model of observation data.

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: sphericalcellbulkthermalconductivityanalysis

    • @@ -2229,7 +2230,7 @@

    Child of: thermalanalysis

  • Thermogravimetric analysis is a method in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). The thermogravimetric data collected from a thermal reaction is compiled into a plot of mass or percentage of initial mass on the y axis versus either temperature or time on the x-axis. This plot can be used for materials characterization through analysis of characteristic decomposition patterns.

  • Alternate labels: Thermogravimetric analysis

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, O-REx technique,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, O-REx technique,

  • Concept URI token: thermogravimetryanalysis

    • @@ -2242,7 +2243,7 @@

    analyticalmethod

  • any of various analytical techniques in which an emission (as of particles or radiation) is dispersed according to some property (such as mass, energy, or wavelength) of the emission and the amount of dispersion is measured (https://www.merriam- webster.com/dictionary/spectrometry)

  • Alternate labels: SPECTROCHEMISTRY, SPECTROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS, SPECTROGRAPHY,

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/spectrometry,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/spectrometry,

  • Concept URI token: spectrometry

    • @@ -2252,7 +2253,7 @@

    spectrometry

  • Measurement principle of spectroscopy to measure the precession of magnetic moments placed in a magnetic induction based on absorption of electromagnetic radiation of a specific frequency by an atomic nucleus. Nuclei having a suitable magnetic moment include 1H, 13C, 15N, 19F, 31P. The technique is used as a method of determining structure of organic molecules, or as a mechanism for quantification. (Source: IUPAC; https://iupac.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/PAC- REC-19-02-03.R2_PR191002MC.pdf). A spectroscopic technique that observes the signal produced by nuclear magnetic resonance of the atomic nuclei in a sample when exposed to excitation by radio waves. The signal is related to local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. The electromagnetic waves emitted by the nuclei of the sample as a result of perturbation by a weak oscillating magnetic field are detected with sensitive radio receivers. Upon excitation of the sample with a radio frequency (60–1000 MHz) pulse, a nuclear magnetic resonance response - a free induction decay (FID) - is obtained. It is a very weak signal, and requires sensitive radio receivers to pick up. A Fourier transform is carried out to extract the frequency-domain spectrum from the raw time-domain FID. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance_spectroscopy

  • Alternate labels: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance,

    • -

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance_spectroscopy, https://iupac.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/PAC-REC-19-02-03.R2_PR191002MC.pdf, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, DFG,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance_spectroscopy, https://iupac.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/PAC-REC-19-02-03.R2_PR191002MC.pdf, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, DFG,

  • Concept URI token: nuclearmagneticresonancespectrometry

    • @@ -2262,7 +2263,7 @@

    nuclearmagneticresonancespectrometry

  • Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an atomic-level method to determine the chemical structure, 3D structure and dynamics of solids and semi-solids. The nuclear spin interactions and the effects of magnetic fields and radiofrequency pulses on nuclear spins in solid-state NMR are the same as in liquid-state NMR spectroscopy. However, because of the orientation dependence of the nuclear spin interactions in the solid state, the majority of high- resolution solid-state NMR spectra are measured under magic-angle spinning (MAS), which has profound effects on the types of radiofrequency pulse sequences required to extract structural and dynamical information. (https://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-020-00002-1, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_nuclear_magnetic_resonance)

  • Alternate labels: Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-020-00002-1, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_nuclear_magnetic_resonance, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-020-00002-1, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_nuclear_magnetic_resonance, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex,

  • Concept URI token: solidstatenuclearmagneticresonancespectroscopy

    • @@ -2282,7 +2283,7 @@

    Child of: particlespectrometry

  • Analysis of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono- energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-particle_spectroscopy)

  • Alternate labels: Alpha spectrometry, ISOTOPE-DILUTION ALPHA-SPECTROMETRY,

    • -

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-particle_spectroscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-particle_spectroscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc,

  • Concept URI token: alphaparticlespectrometry

    • @@ -2300,7 +2301,7 @@

  • Child of: electronspectrometry

  • a form of electron spectroscopy that relies on the Auger effect, based on the analysis of energetic electrons emitted from an excited atom after a series of internal relaxation events.Surface sensitivity in Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) arises from the fact that emitted electrons usually have energies ranging from 50 eV to 3 keV and at these values, electrons have a short mean free path in a solid. The escape depth of electrons is therefore localized to within a few nanometers of the target surface, giving AES an extreme sensitivity to surface species (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auger_electron_spectroscopy)

    • -

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auger_electron_spectroscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auger_electron_spectroscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat,

  • Concept URI token: augerelectronspectroscopy

    • @@ -2321,7 +2322,7 @@
    electronspectrometry

  • Technique based on irradiation of the sample surface with monochromatic X-radiation (Skoog, Holler, Crouch p540) resulting in emission of electrons. The emitted electron energy spectra are obtained and chemical states are inferred from the measurement of the kinetic energy and the number of the ejected electrons. A typical XPS spectrum is a plot of the number of electrons detected at a specific binding energy. Each element produces a set of characteristic XPS peaks. These peaks correspond to the electron configuration of the electrons within the atoms, e.g., 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, etc. The number of detected electrons in each peak is directly related to the amount of element within the XPS sampling volume. XPS requires high vacuum (residual gas pressure p ~ 10-6 Pa) or ultra-high vacuum (p less than 10-7 Pa) conditions. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_photoelectron_spectroscopy)

  • Alternate labels: X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY

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  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_photoelectron_spectroscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_photoelectron_spectroscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch,

  • Concept URI token: xrayphotoelectronspectrometery

    • @@ -2332,7 +2333,7 @@
    particlespectrometry

  • Study of matter through the formation of gas-phase ions that are characterized using mass spectrometers by their mass, charge, structure, and/or physico-chemical properties. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06). Atomic mass spectrometric analysis involves: (1) atomization, (2) conversion of a substantial fraction of the atoms formed in step 1 to a stream of ions (usually singly charged positive ions), (3) separating the ions formed in step 2 on the basis of their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z), where m is the mass number of the ion and z is the number of fundamental charges that it bears, and (4) counting the number of ions of each type or measuring the ion current produced when the ions formed from the sample strike a suitable transducer. (Skoog, Holler & Crouch, p. 253). Molecular mass spectrometry is used to determine the structures of inorganic, organic, and biological molecules and the qualitative and quantitative composition of complex mixtures; The appearance of mass spectra for a given molecular species strongly depends on the method used for ion formation. That these methods fall into three major categories: gas-phase sources, desorption sources, and ambient desorption sources. (Skoog, Holler & Crouch, p. 502)

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch,

  • Concept URI token: massspectrometry

    • @@ -2341,7 +2342,7 @@

  • Child of: massspectrometry

  • In this technique, the target element is first chemically separated from the sample before it is placed in a sample holder in the AMS instrument. The sample element is then bombarded by cesium ions to sputter the analyte element from the sample as negative ions. The analyte ions are then accelerated down a beam tube by a positive potential difference of several million volts, passed through an electron stripper to convert them to positive ions, and accelerated back down the beam tube toward common potential where ion velocities approach a few percent of the speed of light. Using a series of magnetic and electrostatic mass filters, the ion beam containing all isotopes of the analyte element is then separated into separate beams containing the (usually unstable) isotope of interest and other isotopes, and each of the isotopes is counted by a separate detector. (Skoog, Holler & Crouch, p. 271). Components: 1) sample preparation: chemical concentration of analyte; 2) ionization: ion beam; 3) mass analyzer: accelerator Mass spectrometer; 4) detector: not specified.

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch,

  • Concept URI token: acceleratormassspectrometry

    • @@ -2352,7 +2353,7 @@
    elementalanalysis massspectrometry

  • Mass spectrometry method that uses an elemental analyzer (typically a pyrolysis process to extract volatile components in the sample) to extract the aliquots (typically as gas) to be atomized and passed to the mass analyzer.

  • Alternate labels: Elemental analyzer mass spectrometry

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat

  • Concept URI token: elementalanalysismassspectrometry

    • @@ -2362,7 +2363,7 @@
    elementalanalysismassspectrometry isotoperatiomassspectrometry

  • Isotope-Ratio mass spectrometry that extracts analytes from a sample using elemental analyzer with a contintuous flow of gas to be atomized, ionized and passed to the mass analyzer. Components: 1) elemental analyzer; 2) continuous flow input. 3) mass analyzer 4) detectors. Analyzed aliquots are gas.

  • Alternate labels: ELEMENTAL ANALYSER CONTINUOUS FLOW ISOTOPIC RATIO MASS SPECTROMETER, ELEMENTAL ANALYZER CONTINUOUS-FLOW ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETRY,

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: continuousflowisotoperatiomassspectrometry

    • @@ -2373,7 +2374,7 @@
    elementalanalysismassspectrometry isotoperatiomassspectrometry

  • Measurement and study of the relative abundances of the different isotopes of an element in a material using a mass spectrometer which is coupled with an elemental analyzer. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06). Isotope and chemical analysis of H, C, N, O and S in a sample. (OSIRIS-REx confluence)

  • Alternate labels: Elemental analyzer - isotope ratio mass spectrometry

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: elementalanalysisisotoperatiomassspectrometry

    • @@ -2384,7 +2385,7 @@
    massspectrometry

  • analysis of polar/apolar solvent-soluble organics can be performed using extremely high resolution mass spectrometry to identify molecular formulas (but not structures) with the elements C, H, O, N, S, Mg, Cl in a mixture.

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: fouriertransformioncyclotronresonancemassspectrometry

    • @@ -2394,7 +2395,7 @@
    gaschromatographyanalysis massspectrometry

  • Technique by which a mixture is separated into individual components by gas chromatography, followed by detection with a mass spectrometer. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06)

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex,

  • Concept URI token: gaschromatographymassspectrometry

    • @@ -2408,7 +2409,7 @@

    @@ -2419,7 +2420,7 @@
    gaschromatographymassspectrometry pyrolysisgaschromatography

  • Mass spectrometry technique in which the sample is heated to the point of decomposition and the gas phase decomposition products are characterized by mass spectrometry. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06).

  • Alternate labels: Pyrolysis mass spectrometry

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox,

  • Concept URI token: pyrolysisgaschromatographymassspectrometry

    • @@ -2430,7 +2431,7 @@

    • Child of: massspectrometry

    • Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) leverages magnetic sector mass spectrometry to enable high-precision measurement of the stable isotope content of a sample. Typical measurements target hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen analyses, although elements with masses up to and including sulfur can be measured. Solid, liquid, or gas phase samples are converted to simple gases then introduced to the IRMS. During analysis, an electron impact source ionizes sample- derived gas which is then accelerated down a flight tube, separated by mass, and quantified using a series of Faraday cups. (https://www.emsl.pnnl.gov/science/related-instrument/isotope-ratio- mass-spectrometry/1795)

      • -

    • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://www.emsl.pnnl.gov/science/related-instrument/isotope-ratio-mass-spectrometry/1795,

      • +

    • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://www.emsl.pnnl.gov/science/related-instrument/isotope-ratio-mass-spectrometry/1795,

    • Concept URI token: isotoperatiomassspectrometry

    @@ -2444,7 +2445,7 @@
  • where they are oxidatively combusted. This is followed by a reduction reactor (an alumina tube containing three Cu wires maintained at 600 degree C) to reduce any nitrogen oxides to nitrogen. For hydrogen and oxygen a high temperature thermal conversion reactor is required. Water is then removed in a water separator by passing the gas stream through a tube constructed from a water permeable nafion membrane. The sample is then introduced into the ion source of the mass analyzer by an open split interface, and particles with m/z ratios of interest are counted by detectors.
      • -

    • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

      • +

    • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

    • Concept URI token: combustiongaschromatographyisotopicratiomassspectrometry

    @@ -2455,7 +2456,7 @@

  • Child of: elementalanalysismassspectrometry isotoperatiomassspectrometry

  • Isotope-Ratio mass spectrometry that extracts analytes from a sample using elemental analyzer with a contintuous flow of gas to be atomized, ionized and passed to the mass analyzer. Components: 1) elemental analyzer; 2) continuous flow input. 3) mass analyzer 4) detectors. Analyzed aliquots are gas.

  • Alternate labels: ELEMENTAL ANALYSER CONTINUOUS FLOW ISOTOPIC RATIO MASS SPECTROMETER, ELEMENTAL ANALYZER CONTINUOUS-FLOW ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETRY,

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: continuousflowisotoperatiomassspectrometry

    • @@ -2465,7 +2466,7 @@

    • Child of: isotoperatiomassspectrometry

    • Mass spectrometry technique. Components: 1) sample preparation, extract gas, purify; 2) ionization: not specified. Isotope-Ratio mass spectrometry that uses dual inputs to compare and calibrate sample measurement. In dual inlet IRMS, purified gas obtained from a sample is alternated rapidly with a standard gas (of known isotopic composition) by means of a system of valves, so that a number of comparison measurements are made of both gases. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope-ratio_mass_spectrometry). Analyzed aliquots are gas.

      • -

    • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope-ratio_mass_spectrometry, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc,

      • +

    • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope-ratio_mass_spectrometry, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc,

    • Concept URI token: dualinletisotoperatiomassspectrometry

    @@ -2476,7 +2477,7 @@

  • Child of: elementalanalysismassspectrometry isotoperatiomassspectrometry

  • Measurement and study of the relative abundances of the different isotopes of an element in a material using a mass spectrometer which is coupled with an elemental analyzer. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06). Isotope and chemical analysis of H, C, N, O and S in a sample. (OSIRIS-REx confluence)

  • Alternate labels: Elemental analyzer - isotope ratio mass spectrometry

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: elementalanalysisisotoperatiomassspectrometry

    • @@ -2487,7 +2488,7 @@

  • Child of: isotoperatiomassspectrometry wetchemistry

  • laser fluorination is a chemical process wherein oxygen is quantitatively extracted from oxygen-bearing compounds, without isotopic fractionation, and simultaneously converted to diatomic oxygen (O2) gas. This O2 gas may then be analyzed with isotope-ration mass spectrometer (IRMS) to determine its delta 17O and delta 18O ratios. (https://sil.uoregon.edu/laser-fluorination/)

  • Alternate labels: LASER FLUORINATION, Laser Assisted Fluorination for Bulk Oxygen Isotope Ratio Measurements,

    • -

  • Source: https://sil.uoregon.edu/laser-fluorination/, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex,

    • +

  • Source: https://sil.uoregon.edu/laser-fluorination/, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex,

  • Concept URI token: laserfluorinationanalysis

    • @@ -2498,7 +2499,7 @@

  • Child of: isotoperatiomassspectrometry

  • Stepped combustion technique on the FINESSE highly sensitive mass spectrometric complex (a single gas extraction and purification system coupled with three mass spectrometers operating in static mode). Sample is crushed to powder and loaded in the mass spectrometer extraction system, then heated incrementally (step heating) from 200 to 1400 degree C in the presence of oxygen derived from thermal decomposition, at 930 degree C, of CuO present in a separately heated unit with an inlet into the furnace, resulting in the liberation of individual components. Carbon (in the form of CO2) and molecular nitrogen are cryogenically separated from each other before analysis. Simultaneous analysis is possible by using multiple mass spectrometers connected to a common extraction line: two magnetic sector mass spectrometers for determination of carbon isotopes and nitrogen abundance, and a quadrupole mass spectrometer for nitrogen isotopes. (https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00592-7)

  • Alternate labels: Stepped heating carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00592-7, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00592-7, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex,

  • Concept URI token: steppedheatingcarbonandnitrogenisotopicanalysis

    • @@ -2509,7 +2510,7 @@

  • Child of: massspectrometry

  • Mass spectrometry technique in which a laser beam is focused on a spot on the sample surface to atomize sample material from that spot, for subsequent ionization and intlet to mass analyzer. Compononets 1) sample prepartion: polished surface 2) ionization: laser. Point analysis.

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc

  • Concept URI token: laserablationmassspectrometry

    • @@ -2519,7 +2520,7 @@

    Child of: inductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry laserablationmassspectrometry

  • Mass spectrometry technique in which a laser beam is focused on a spot on the sample surface to atomize sample material from that spot, for subsequent introduction in to inductively coupled plasma to ionize for inlet into mass analyzer. Compononets 1) sample prepartion: polished surface 2) ionization: laser, inductively coupled plasma. Point analysis.

  • Alternate labels: EXCIMER LASER ABLATION INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY, FEMTO LASER MULTI-COLLECTOR INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MAGNETIC SECTOR MASS SPECTROMETRY, LASER ABLATION DOUBLE-FOCUSING MAGNETIC SECTOR FIELD INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY, LASER ABLATION MICROPROBE MULTI-COLLECTOR INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY, LASER ABLATION PLASMA IONISATION MULTI-COLLECTOR MASS SPECTROMETRY, LASER ABLATION QUADRUPOLE INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY,

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: laserablationinductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry

    • @@ -2529,7 +2530,7 @@

  • Child of: laserablationmassspectrometry

  • The output from laser ablation of a single analysis spot is split between two mass spectrometers (typically ICPMS). The technique allows simultaneous analyses of different geochemical systems in mineral samples using two or more mass spectrometers. An important application is the determination of the complementary isotopic systems of Lu-Hf and U-Pb (age)(https://assets.thermofisher.com/TFS- Assets/CMD/Application-Notes/AN-30298-ICP-MS-Laser-Ablation-Split- Stream-AN30298-EN.pdf)

    • -

  • Source: https://assets.thermofisher.com/TFS-Assets/CMD/Application-Notes/AN-30298-ICP-MS-Laser-Ablation-Split-Stream-AN30298-EN.pdf, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc,

    • +

  • Source: https://assets.thermofisher.com/TFS-Assets/CMD/Application-Notes/AN-30298-ICP-MS-Laser-Ablation-Split-Stream-AN30298-EN.pdf, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc,

  • Concept URI token: lassmassspectrometry

    • @@ -2540,7 +2541,7 @@
    liquidchromatographyanalysis massspectrometry

  • technique used to separate, detect, identify, and quantify components of a complex mixture. The solid sample is extracted in a solvent to pull out soluble target compounds; this creates both a solid residue and a liquid extract. The extract can be subjected to additional procedures, for cleanup or exposure to acid vapor to break apart large molecules. The final extracted solution is injected into the LC, which separates compounds in the solution and then passes them into the MS, where their mass spectra are measured. Each time point on the chromatogram is linked to a mass spectrum from which the most intense signals are fragmented at defined CID (colision induced dissociation) energy. The combination of retention time (i.e., how long it takes for the compound to pass through the LC) and mass spectrum allows for identification of the compounds when compared to standards. The LC-MS-MS converted data is in a unversal format of data called mzML and used internationally in LC-MS-MS analytical community of small molecules, peptides to proteins. mzML is a universal Mass spectrometry format. xml namespace =http://psi.hupo.org/ms/mzml; schema location http://psidev.info/files/ms/mzML/xsd/mzML1.1.0.xsd

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: liquidchromatographymassspectrometry

    • @@ -2550,7 +2551,7 @@
    massspectrometry

  • Multiprep automated sample preparation device is used to digest powdered biogenic or mineral carbonate material with phosphoric acid or to equilibrate water samples with carbon dioxide or hydrogen.(Micromass is the instrument manufacturer). Output from multiprep goes to mass spectrometer. Example systems e.g. https://www.atmos.albany.edu/geology/webpages/sirmslab.html are doing stable isotope analyses. Components: 1) sample preparation: multiprep device

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc

  • Concept URI token: micromassmultiprepmassspectrometry

    • @@ -2561,7 +2562,7 @@

    Child of: massspectrometry

  • Noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe ) are extracted from samples by heating in a vacuum with an IR laser or in a heated crucible. The extracted gases are purified using hot metals or alloys (and cold traps). Noble gas elements can be separated using cryogenic traps and sequentially analyzed by separation of the ions according to their mass/charge ratio and a collection block consisting of single or multiple Faraday cups and/or electron multipliers. (OSIRIS-REx confluence; https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/jres/38/jresv38n6p617_A1b.pdf)

  • Alternate labels: Noble gas and nitrogen static mass spectrometry, Rare-gas mass spectrometry,

    • -

  • Source: https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/jres/38/jresv38n6p617_A1b.pdf, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex,

    • +

  • Source: https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/jres/38/jresv38n6p617_A1b.pdf, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex,

  • Concept URI token: noblegasmassspectrometry

    • @@ -2571,7 +2572,7 @@

    Child of: noblegasmassspectrometry

  • Techique that exposes sample to neutron-irradiation to produce noble gas isotopes from halogen isotopes within the sample. NI-NGMS requires only small sample masses (~1 mg). The method provides information on the abundances and ratios of the halogen (Cl, Br and I) and the noble gas (Ar, Kr and Xe) elements. (OSIRIS-REx confluence). Technique to measure the abundances of Cl, K, Br, I, Ca, Ba and U, in which samples are exposed to a high neutron fluence to produce nucleogenic noble gas isotopes in abundances proportional to those of the parent elements. (https://goldschmidtabstracts.info/2014/2145.pdf). The noble gas isotopes are liberated from the sample by heating and analyzed with a mass spectrometer (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009254116302339)

  • Alternate labels: NOBLE-GAS METHOD

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex,

  • Concept URI token: neutronirradiationnoblegasmassspectrometry

    • @@ -2581,7 +2582,7 @@

  • Child of: laserionizationmassspectrometry noblegasmassspectrometry

  • Noble gas mass spectrometry technique that atomizes and ionizes samples using laser resonance to generate a plasma, and a time-of- flight mass analyzer.

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: resonanceionizationtimeofflightnoblegasmassspectrometry

    • @@ -2592,7 +2593,7 @@

  • Child of: massspectrometry

  • Orbitrap is an ion trap mass analyzer consisting of an outer barrel- like electrode and a coaxial inner spindle-like electrode that traps ions in an orbital motion around the spindle. The image current from the trapped ions is detected and converted to a mass spectrum using the Fourier transform of the frequency signal. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbitrap)

    • -

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbitrap, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbitrap, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex,

  • Concept URI token: orbitrapmassspectrometry

    • @@ -2601,7 +2602,7 @@

  • Child of: orbitrapmassspectrometry

  • technique in which sample ionization is achieved by a process in which a spray of charged droplets is directed towards the sample. When the spray impacts the sample, a thin layer of solvent is formed into which the analytes may dissolve. As other primary droplets arrive at the sample surface, they splash secondary microdroplets containing the dissolved analytes from the solvent film. This mechanism causes analyte-containing droplets to be generated in the open air, and then delivered to the mass spectrometer through a heated extended capillary. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3205348). After the desorption process, ionization occurs via mechanisms that are similar to those of electrospray ionization, in which a high voltage is applied to a liquid to create an aerosol (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrospray_ionization). Mass analysis is done with an Orbitrap mass analyzer. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbitrap)

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: desorptionelectrosprayionizationorbitrapmassspectrometry

    • @@ -2612,7 +2613,7 @@

  • Child of: massspectrometry

  • Mass spectrometry technique. Components: 1) sample preparation: not specified; 2) ionization: plasma; 3) mass analyzer: not specified; 4) detector: not specified. Plasma can be generated in various ways: inductive coupling, spark, lasers, microwaves.

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc

  • Concept URI token: plasmasourcemassspectrometry

    • @@ -2622,7 +2623,7 @@

    Child of: plasmasourcemassspectrometry

  • Mass spectrometry technique in which the sample is introduced into an inductively coupled plasma to atomize and ionize the sample for inlet to mass analyzer. Components: 1) sample processing- dissolution, isotope dilution; 2) ionization: Inductively coupled plasma

  • Alternate labels: FUSION-INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY, ISOTOPE-DILUTION INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY, ISOTOPE-DILUTION MULTI-COLLECTOR INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY, ISOTOPE-DILUTION PLASMA IONISATION MULTI-COLLECTOR MASS SPECTROMETRY, MULTI-COLLECTOR INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MAGNETIC SECTOR MASS SPECTROMETRY, PLASMA IONISATION MULTI-COLLECTOR MASS SPECTROMETRY, SECTOR FIELD INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY,

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: inductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry

    • @@ -2632,7 +2633,7 @@

    Child of: inductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry

  • Mass spectrometry technique. Components 1) sample preparation: not specified; 2) ionization: Inductively-coupled plasma. 3) mass analyzer in which the the aperture width of the entrance slit situated between the ion optics and the mass analyzer, and an exit slit located between the mass analyzer and the detector assembly can be controlled. the narrower the slits are positioned, the higher the resolution (and lower the sensitivity); the wider the slits, the higher the sensitivity (and lower the resolution). (R. ArevaloJr., in Treatise on Geochemistry (Second Edition), 2014)

  • Alternate labels: HIGH-RESOLUTION MULTI-COLLECTOR INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY, ISOTOPE-DILUTION HIGH-RESOLUTION INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY,

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: highresolutioninductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry

    • @@ -2643,7 +2644,7 @@

    Child of: inductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry laserablationmassspectrometry

  • Mass spectrometry technique in which a laser beam is focused on a spot on the sample surface to atomize sample material from that spot, for subsequent introduction in to inductively coupled plasma to ionize for inlet into mass analyzer. Compononets 1) sample prepartion: polished surface 2) ionization: laser, inductively coupled plasma. Point analysis.

  • Alternate labels: EXCIMER LASER ABLATION INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY, FEMTO LASER MULTI-COLLECTOR INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MAGNETIC SECTOR MASS SPECTROMETRY, LASER ABLATION DOUBLE-FOCUSING MAGNETIC SECTOR FIELD INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY, LASER ABLATION MICROPROBE MULTI-COLLECTOR INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY, LASER ABLATION PLASMA IONISATION MULTI-COLLECTOR MASS SPECTROMETRY, LASER ABLATION QUADRUPOLE INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY,

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: laserablationinductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry

    • @@ -2654,7 +2655,7 @@

    Child of: inductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry

  • Mass spectrometry technique in which sample is dissolved in a liquid reagent and nulized or vaporized by one of several techniques to introduce into an inductively coupled plasma to atomize and ionize for intlet to mass analyzer. Components: 1) sample preparation: dissolution, nebulize to introduce into plasma (this is normal method to get sample into ICP…) 2) ionization: inductively coupled plasma

  • Alternate labels: SOLUTION-NEBULIZED INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY, STANDARD ADDITION SOLUTION INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS-SPECTROMETRY, TOTAL DIGESTION-INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY, ULTRASONIC NEBULIZATION INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY,

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc

  • Concept URI token: liquidinletinductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry

    • @@ -2664,7 +2665,7 @@

  • Child of: inductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry

  • Quadrupole and Multi-Collector (MC) Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are grouped into one ‘analtyical technique’ by O-REx sample analysis team.

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: multicollectorinductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry

    • @@ -2675,7 +2676,7 @@

    Child of: inductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry

  • Mass spectrometry using a quadrupole mass analyzer. Sample preparation, atomization/ionization and detectors not specified

  • Alternate labels: QUADRUPOLE INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: quadrupoleinductivelycoupledplasmmassspectrometry

    • @@ -2687,7 +2688,7 @@

    Child of: plasmasourcemassspectrometry

  • Technique that uses laser to induce plasma ionization. The laser plasma is sustained between a pneumatic nebulizer and the inlet capillary of the mass analyzer. To maintain stable conditions in the droplet-rich spray environment, the plasma was directly fed by the fundamental output (lambda = 1064 nm) of a laser. Ionization by the laser-driven plasma resulted in signals of intact analyte ions of several chemical categories. Use for mass-spectrometric determinations of polar and nonpolar analytes in solution. (https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00329)

  • Alternate labels: ISOTOPE-DILUTION RESONANCE-IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY, LASER PLASMA IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY, RESONANCE-IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY,

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00329, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00329, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc,

  • Concept URI token: laserionizationmassspectrometry

    • @@ -2696,7 +2697,7 @@

  • Child of: laserionizationmassspectrometry noblegasmassspectrometry

  • Noble gas mass spectrometry technique that atomizes and ionizes samples using laser resonance to generate a plasma, and a time-of- flight mass analyzer.

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: resonanceionizationtimeofflightnoblegasmassspectrometry

    • @@ -2709,7 +2710,7 @@
    massspectrometry

  • secondary-ion mass analyzers are based on bombarding the surface of the sample with a beam of 5- to 20-keV ions. The ion beam is formed in an ion gun in which the gaseous atoms or molecules are ionized by an electron-ionization source. The positive ions are then accelerated by applying a high dc voltage. The impact of these primary ions causes the surface layer of atoms of the sample to be stripped (sputtered) off, largely as neutral atoms. A small fraction, however, forms as positive (or negative) secondary ions that are drawn into a spectrometer for mass analysis. In secondary-ion mass analyzers, which serve for general surface analysis and for depth profiling, the primary ion-beam diameter ranges from 0.3 to 5 mm. Double-focusing, single-focusing, time-of-flight, and quadrupole spectrometers are used for mass determination. Typical transducers for SIMS are electron multipliers, Faraday cups, and imaging detectors. (Skoog, Holler & Crouch, p. 549) Measure method in which a focused beam of primary ions produces secondary ions by sputtering from a solid surface. The secondary ions are analyzed by mass spectrometry. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06)

  • Alternate labels: LARGE ISOTOPE-DILUTION ION-PROBE ANALYSIS, MULTI-COLLECTOR SECONDARY IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY, NANO SECONDARY IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY, SECONDARY ION MASS SPECTROMETRY, Secondary Ion mass spectrometry,

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch,

  • Concept URI token: secondaryionizationmassspectrometry

    • @@ -2718,7 +2719,7 @@
    secondaryionizationmassspectrometry

  • Mass spectrometer that separates the processes of emission and ionisation of sputtered particles are strictly separated. The sputtered neutral particles, atoms and atomic clusters are detected by a mass spectrometer after post sputtering ionisation, which can be performed by an electron beam, electron gas or laser beam. Of these, the most efficient way to ionise the emitted neutral particles is laser beam ionisation. (https://www.spectroscopyeurope.com/system/files/pdf/SNMS_21_4.pdf) Laser ionization mass nanoscope or LIMAS, a nano-beam time-of-flight secondary neutral mass spectrometry system. The primary ion beam column is a Ga liquid metal ion source, with aberration correction optics can generate a primary ion beam was down to 40 nm in diameter under a current of 100 pA with an energy of 20 keV. The sputtered neutral particles are ionized by a femtosecond laser. The ions are introduced into a multi-turn mass analyzer. This instrument would be effective for ultrahigh sensitive analysis of nanosized particles such as return samples from asteroids, comets, and planets. (Ebata, Ishihara, Uchino, Itose; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.4857. Laser ionization mass nanoscope or LIMAS, a nano-beam time-of-flight secondary neutral mass spectrometry system. The primary ion beam column is a Ga liquid metal ion source, with aberration correction optics can generate a primary ion beam was down to 40 nm in diameter under a current of 100 pA with an energy of 20 keV. The sputtered neutral particles are ionized by a femtosecond laser. The ions are introduced into a multi-turn mass analyzer. This instrument would be effective for ultrahigh sensitive analysis of nanosized particles such as return samples from asteroids, comets, and planets. (Ebata, Ishihara, Uchino, Itose; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.4857

    • -

  • Source: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.4857, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, https://www.spectroscopyeurope.com/system/files/pdf/SNMS_21_4.pdf,

    • +

  • Source: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.4857, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://www.spectroscopyeurope.com/system/files/pdf/SNMS_21_4.pdf,

  • Concept URI token: secondaryneutralmassspectrometry

    • @@ -2727,7 +2728,7 @@
    secondaryneutralmassspectrometry

  • Microprobe two-step laser mass spectrometry (microL2MS) is a technique that allows the detection and characterization of organic molecules. Output for point analyses consist of time-of-flight spectra and where appropriate low resolution optical location images. Each spectrum represent the time varying signal recorded by the microchannel plate (MCP) detector assembly in microL2MS instrument following laser photoionization of neutral species liberated from the surface a sample by a preceeding laser desorption pulse. microL2MS instrument output data products will consist of a variable number of spectra and image files depending on the nature of the sample and number of analysis locations.

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

  • Concept URI token: microprobetwosteplasermassspectrometry

    • @@ -2739,7 +2740,7 @@

    • Child of: massspectrometry

    • Technique for analysis of elements or isotopes in a solid material.

      • -

    • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc

      • +

    • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc

    • Concept URI token: solidsourcemassspectrometry

    @@ -2750,7 +2751,7 @@

  • Child of: massspectrometry

  • (SSMS) a general technique for multielement and isotope trace analyses. In SSMS, the atomic constituents of a sample, housed in a vacuum chamber, are converted by a high-voltage (~30 kV), radio- frequency spark to gaseous ions for mass analysis. The gaseous positive ions formed in the spark plasma are drawn into the analyzer by a dc voltage. Because a spark source produces ions with a wide range of kinetic energies, double-focusing mass spectrometers are required for mass analysis of the ions. When electron multipliers are used with double-focusing instruments, the spectrum is scanned by varying the magnetic field of the magnetic analyzer. The use of this technique leveled off and then declined with the appearance of ICPMS and some of the other mass spectrometric methods. SSMS is still applied to samples that are not easily dissolved and analyzed by plasma methods. (Skoog, Holler, & Crouch). Mass spectrometry technique. Components: 1) sample preparation: not specified 2) ionization: spark source. NOTE: spark source systems commonly use double focusing mass analyzers.

  • Alternate labels: ISOTOPE-DILUTION MULTI-ION COUNTING SPARK-SOURCE MASS SPECTROMETRY, ISOTOPE-DILUTION SPARK-SOURCE MASS SPECTROMETRY, MULTI-ION COUNTING SPARK-SOURCE MASS SPECTROMETRY, SPARK SOURCE MASS SPECTROMETRY - ISOTOPE DILUTION, SPARK-SOURCE MASS SPECTROMETRY,

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch,

  • Concept URI token: sparksourcemassspectrometry

    • @@ -2761,7 +2762,7 @@
    massspectrometry

  • Mass spectrometry technique in which sample undergoes and extraction process to concetrate analyte of interest in a solution that is then placed on a filament, loaded into the mass spectrometer instrument; filaments are heated electrically, causing evaporation and ionization of the analytes, which are then introduced to the mass analyzer. Components: 1) sample preparation: not specified; 2) ionization: thermal ionization

  • Alternate labels: CHEMICAL ABRASION THERMAL-IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY, HIGH-ABUNDANCE SENSITIVITY THERMAL IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY, ISOTOPE DILUTION CHEMICAL ABRASION THERMAL-IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY, ISOTOPE-DILUTION SOLID-SOURCE MASS SPECTROMETRY, ISOTOPE-DILUTION THERMAL-IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY, MULTI-COLLECTOR THERMAL-IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY, THERMAL IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY ISOTOPE DILUTION,

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: thermalionizationmassspectrometry

    • @@ -2771,7 +2772,7 @@
    thermalionizationmassspectrometry

  • Mass spectrometer techinque. Components: 1) sample processing- dissolution, isotope dilution; 2) ionization: thermal ionization; analyte: negative ions.

  • Alternate labels: ISOTOPE-DILUTION NEGATIVE ION THERMAL-IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc

  • Concept URI token: negativeionthermalionizationmassspectrometry

    • @@ -2781,7 +2782,7 @@
    thermalionizationmassspectrometry

  • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc

  • Concept URI token: positiveionthermalionizationmassspectrometry

    • @@ -2793,7 +2794,7 @@

  • Child of: gammarayspectrometry particlespectrometry

  • ion-beam-based analytical method with direct observation of nuclear reactions induced by highly energetic (Me V domain) charged particles. All these reactions are characterized by the prompt emission of charged particles (protons or helium-4 ions) and/or gamma-rays. Method is dedicated to quantitative determination of volumetric distributions of light elements from Z = 1 (H) to Z = 41 (Ga) in the near surface region of solids. (https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470027318.a6208.pub2, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reaction_analysis)

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat

  • Concept URI token: nuclearreactionspectrometry

    • @@ -2813,7 +2814,7 @@

    Child of: photonspectrometry

  • measurement the [energy, power?] of fluorescent radiation produced by a sample exposed to monochromatic radiation, used to identify the presence and the amount of specific molecules in a sample (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorometer). A type of electromagnetic spectroscopy that analyzes fluorescence from a sample. It involves using a beam of light, usually ultraviolet light, that excites the electrons in molecules of certain compounds and causes them to emit light; typically, but not necessarily, visible light (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_spectroscopy)

  • Alternate labels: ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY, FLUOROMETRY, Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Fluorimetry, Spectrofluorometry,

    • -

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_spectroscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, NASA,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_spectroscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, NASA,

  • Concept URI token: fluorescencespectrometry

    • @@ -2824,7 +2825,7 @@

    Child of: photonspectrometry

  • Technique that measures the energy of gamma-rays emitted by a sample over a spectrum of wavelengths. By comparing the measured spectral distribution and energy to the known energy of gamma-rays produced by radioisotopes, the identity of the emitter can be determined.

  • Alternate labels: GAMMA SPECTROMETRY

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: gammarayspectrometry

    • @@ -2834,7 +2835,7 @@

    Child of: gammarayspectrometry

  • In its most common form a solid sample is exposed to a beam of gamma radiation, and a detector measures the intensity of the beam transmitted through the sample. The atoms in the source emitting the gamma rays must be of the same isotope as the atoms in the sample absorbing them. The source is accelerated through a range of velocities using a linear motor to produce a Doppler effect and scan the gamma ray energy through a given range. In the resulting spectra, gamma ray intensity is plotted as a function of the source velocity. At velocities corresponding to the resonant energy levels of the sample, a fraction of the gamma rays are absorbed, resulting in a drop in the measured intensity and a corresponding dip in the spectrum. The number, positions, and intensities of the dips (also called peaks; dips in transmitted intensity are peaks in absorbance) provide information about the chemical environment of the absorbing nuclei and can be used to characterize the sample. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6ssbauer_spectroscopy)

  • Alternate labels: Mossbauer spectroscopy

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  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6ssbauer_spectroscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6ssbauer_spectroscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: mossbauerspectroscopy

    • @@ -2844,7 +2845,7 @@

    • Child of: gammarayspectrometry particlespectrometry

    • ion-beam-based analytical method with direct observation of nuclear reactions induced by highly energetic (Me V domain) charged particles. All these reactions are characterized by the prompt emission of charged particles (protons or helium-4 ions) and/or gamma-rays. Method is dedicated to quantitative determination of volumetric distributions of light elements from Z = 1 (H) to Z = 41 (Ga) in the near surface region of solids. (https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470027318.a6208.pub2, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reaction_analysis)

      • -

    • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat

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    • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat

    • Concept URI token: nuclearreactionspectrometry

    @@ -2856,7 +2857,7 @@

    Child of: photonspectrometry

  • The infrared spectrometer (or spectrophotometer) measures the relative amount of energy as a function of the wavelength/frequency of the infrared radiation when it passes through a sample. The two types of the infrared spectrometer are dispersive infrared spectrometer (DS) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIS). (https://conductscience.com/the-basics-of-infrared-spectrophotometry/)

  • Alternate labels: INFRA-RED SPECTROSCOPY, INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY, INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY, NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROMETRY,

    • -

  • Source: https://conductscience.com/the-basics-of-infrared-spectrophotometry/, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

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  • Source: https://conductscience.com/the-basics-of-infrared-spectrophotometry/, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: infraredspectrometry

    • @@ -2866,7 +2867,7 @@

    Child of: infraredspectrometry

  • Composite process, with combustion of sample and infrared spectrographic analysis of constituents. [Need more information – ?emission or absorption?, is light from the combution analyzed, or does it produce an extract that is then passed to the spectrometer? ]

  • Alternate labels: COMBUSTION-INFRARED ANALYSIS, COMBUSTION-INFRARED TECHNIQUE,

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc

  • Concept URI token: combustioninfraredspectrometry

    • @@ -2877,7 +2878,7 @@
    infraredspectrometry

  • A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas. Light from a polychromatic infrared source is collimated and directed to a beam splitter. Half the light is directed to a fixed mirror and the rest to a moving mirror. The light from the two paths is recombined, resulting in constructive or destructive interference that is a function of wavelength in the polychromatic light source and the path retardation determined by different path lengths from the moving mirror. The recombined light is focused on the sample and reflected or transmitted light is refocused onto a detector. The difference in optical path length between the two arms to the interferometer is known as the retardation or optical path difference (OPD). An interferogram is obtained by varying the retardation and recording the signal from the detector for various values of the retardation. The interferogram when no sample is present is used as a reference to compare. When a sample is present the background interferogram is modulated by the presence of absorption bands in the sample. The interferogram is converted to a spectrum by Fourier transformation. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier- transform_infrared_spectroscopy, Skoog, Holler & Crouch p. 188-192)

  • Alternate labels: FOURIER TRANSFORM IR SPECTROSCOPY

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  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch,

  • Concept URI token: fouriertransforminfraredspectrometry

    • @@ -2888,7 +2889,7 @@

    Child of: atomicabsorptionspectrometry infraredspectrometry

  • Identify composition of gas(es) in a sample by detecting the absorption of infrared wavelengths that are characteristic of that gas. Infrared energy is emitted from a heated filament. By optically filtering the energy, the radiation spectrum is limited to the absorption band of the gas being measured. A detector measures the energy after the infrared energy has passed through the gas to be measured. This is compared to the energy at reference condition of no absorption. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_gas_analyzer)

  • Alternate labels: INFRARED ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY, INFRARED GAS ANALYSIS, INFRARED GAS ANALYZER,

    • -

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_gas_analyzer, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_gas_analyzer, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc,

  • Concept URI token: infraredabsorptionspectrometry

    • @@ -2905,7 +2906,7 @@

  • Child of: infraredopticalspectrometry

  • [might be:] The 680 degree C combustion catalytic oxidation method achieves total combustion of samples by heating them to 680 degree C in an oxygen-rich environment inside TC combustion tubes filled with a platinum catalyst. Since this utilizes the simple principle of oxidation through heating and combustion, pretreatment and post- treatment using oxidizing agents are unnecessary, which enhances operability. The carbon dioxide generated by oxidation is detected using an infrared gas analyzer (NDIR). (https://www.shimadzu.eu.com/680-%C2%B0c-combustion-catalytic- oxidation-method-measurement-principles; https://www.sciencedirect.com /science/article/abs/pii/0304420388900436)

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc

  • Concept URI token: catalyticcombustionanalysis

    • @@ -2917,7 +2918,7 @@
    infraredspectrometry transmissionspectrometry

  • In transmission IR spectroscopy, IR radiation is passed through a sample. Some of the IR radiation is absorbed by the sample and some of it is passed through (transmitted). The resulting spectrum represents the molecular absorption and transmission, creating a molecular fingerprint of the sample. (Q. Ye, P. Spencer, in Material-Tissue Interfacial Phenomena, 2017)

  • Alternate labels: TRANSMISSION IR SPECTROSCOPY

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc

  • Concept URI token: infraredtransmissionspectrometry

    • @@ -2928,7 +2929,7 @@

    Child of: infraredspectrometry

  • LECO analysis uses infrared absorption and thermal conductivity to measure combustion gases from sample. This process determines the presence and concentration of carbon, sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen or hydrogen. LECO analysis converts the elements from a sample into their oxidized form by utilizing either the gas fusion method (Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen) or the combustion method (Carbon and Sulfur). (https://www.element.com/materials-testing-services/chemical-analysis- labs/leco-analysis)

  • Alternate labels: LECO FURNACE

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://www.element.com/materials-testing-services/chemical-analysis-labs/leco-analysis,

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  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://www.element.com/materials-testing-services/chemical-analysis-labs/leco-analysis,

  • Concept URI token: lecofurnaceanalysis

    • @@ -2938,7 +2939,7 @@

    • Child of: infraredspectrometry

    • Technique uses a pulsed, tunable IR source to excite molecular absorption in a sample. As the sample absorbs radiation, it heats up, leading to rapid thermal expansion that excites resonant oscillations of the cantilever of an atomic force microscope (AFM), which is detected using the standard AFM photodiode measurement system. These induced oscillations decay in a characteristic ringdown that can be analyzed to extract the amplitudes and frequencies of the oscillations. By measuring the amplitudes of the cantilever oscillation as a function of the source wavelength, local absorption spectra are created. (https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(10)70205-4)

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    • Source: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(10)70205-4, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex,

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    • Source: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(10)70205-4, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex,

    • Concept URI token: nanoscaleinfraredspectrometry

    @@ -2950,7 +2951,7 @@
    photonspectrometry

  • analytical techniques in which the spectra of visible or ultraviolet light emitted or absobed by, or transmitted through a sample is analyzed to obtain information about the composition of the sample.

  • Alternate labels: OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY, SPECTROPHOTOMETRY,

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: opticalspectrometry

    • @@ -2960,7 +2961,7 @@
    <

  • Child of: opticalspectrometry

  • Analytical technique used to measure a wide range of elements in materials such as metals, pottery and glass, based on absorption of light by free metallic ions. The sample is accurately weighed and then dissolved, often using strong acids. The resulting solution is sprayed into the flame of the instrument and atomized. Light of a suitable wavelength for a particular element is shone through the flame, and some of this light is absorbed by the atoms of the sample. Individual elements will absorb wavelengths differently, and these absorbances are measured against standards. The amount of light absorbed is proportional to the concentration of the element in the solution, and hence in the original object. Measurements are made separately for each element of interest in turn to achieve a complete analysis of an object, and thus the technique is relatively slow to use. However, it is very sensitive and it can measure trace elements down to the part per million level, as well as being able to measure elements present in minor and major amounts. The method requires standards with known analyte content to establish the relation between the measured absorbance and the analyte concentration. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_absorption_spectroscopy; (https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/spectroscopy- elemental-isotope-analysis/spectroscopy-elemental-isotope-analysis- learning-center/trace-elemental-analysis-tea-information/atomic- absorption-aa-information.html)). Although it is a destructive technique (unlike ED-XRF), the sample size needed is very small (typically about 10 milligrams - i.e. one hundredth of a gram) and its removal causes little damage. Additional information available at http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/science/text/techniques/sr-tech- aas-t.html

  • Alternate labels: Atomic absorption spectrophotometry, Atomic absorption spectroscopy, MICROABSORPTION ANALYSIS,

    • -

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_absorption_spectroscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_absorption_spectroscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: atomicabsorptionspectrometry

    • @@ -2969,7 +2970,7 @@
    <

    • Child of: atomicabsorptionspectrometry

    • A type of atomic absorption spectrometry where the sample is atomised using a probe which is rapidly heated by passing a current through it.

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    • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc

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    • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc

    • Concept URI token: electrothermalabsorptionspectrometry

    @@ -2980,7 +2981,7 @@
    <

  • Child of: atomicabsorptionspectrometry infraredspectrometry

  • Identify composition of gas(es) in a sample by detecting the absorption of infrared wavelengths that are characteristic of that gas. Infrared energy is emitted from a heated filament. By optically filtering the energy, the radiation spectrum is limited to the absorption band of the gas being measured. A detector measures the energy after the infrared energy has passed through the gas to be measured. This is compared to the energy at reference condition of no absorption. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_gas_analyzer)

  • Alternate labels: INFRARED ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY, INFRARED GAS ANALYSIS, INFRARED GAS ANALYZER,

    • -

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_gas_analyzer, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_gas_analyzer, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc,

  • Concept URI token: infraredabsorptionspectrometry

    • @@ -2990,7 +2991,7 @@
    <

    • Child of: atomicabsorptionspectrometry

    • Related resource [could not find clear definition of technique]: Liquid-Water Isotope Analyzer uses tunable, off-axis integrated-cavity High-Resolution Laser Absorption Spectroscopy to measure hydrogen and oxygen isotopic composition (delta 18O and delta 2H) in liquid water samples. (https://eal.ucmerced.edu/instrumentation/water-isotope- analyzer; https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:43008377)

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    • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc

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    • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc

    • Concept URI token: laserabsorptionspectrometry

    @@ -3002,7 +3003,7 @@

    Child of: opticalspectrometry wetchemistry

  • A method of chemical analysis in which reagents are added to a solution to form coloured compounds with specific elements. The intensity of the colour, measured on a spectrophotometer, is proportional to the concentration of the element. (‘colorimetric analysis .’ A Dictionary of Earth Sciences. Encyclopedia.com. 21 Dec. 2022 <https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses- pictures-and-press-releases/colorimetric-analysis>.)

  • Alternate labels: COLORIMETRY

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/colorimetric-analysis,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/colorimetric-analysis,

  • Concept URI token: colormetricanalysis

    • @@ -3013,7 +3014,7 @@

    Child of: opticalspectrometry

  • is a method of chemical analysis that uses the intensity of light emitted from a flame, plasma, arc, or spark at a particular wavelength to determine the quantity of an element in a sample. The wavelength of the atomic spectral line in the emission spectrum gives the identity of the element while the intensity of the emitted light is proportional to the number of atoms of the element. The sample may be excited by various methods: flame, inductively coupled plasma, and spark being the most common. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_emission_spectroscopy)

  • Alternate labels: DIRECT READING OPTICAL EMISSIONS SPECTROSCOPY, DROES,

    • -

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_emission_spectroscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_emission_spectroscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: emissionspectrometry

    • @@ -3023,7 +3024,7 @@

    Child of: emissionspectrometry wetchemistry

  • Used for Platinum group element (PGE) analyses. The sample is decomposed by heating with nickel sulfide to form a button that is then dissolved in acid. PGE constituents remain in the insoluble residue. After filtering, the residue is dissolved with aqua regia or a mixture of HCl and H2O2 and then determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry.

  • Alternate labels: NICKEL SULFIDE FIRE ASSAY ISOTOPE DILUTION ANALYSIS

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb

  • Concept URI token: fireassayemissionspectrometry

    • @@ -3034,7 +3035,7 @@

    Child of: emissionspectrometry

  • Emission spectrometry in which emission of photons is induced by introducing the sample into a flame.

  • Alternate labels: FLAME PHOTOMETRY

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: flameemissionspectrometry

    • @@ -3053,7 +3054,7 @@

    Child of: opticalemissionspectrometry plasmaemissionspectrometry

  • an emission spectrometry technique in which emission of ultraviolet or visible light is induced by introducing sample into a plasma. There are various techniques for generating plasma.

  • Alternate labels: DIRECTLY COUPLED PLASMA OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY, PLASMA OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY,

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc

  • Concept URI token: plasmaopticalemissionspectrometry

    • @@ -3065,7 +3066,7 @@

    Child of: emissionspectrometry

  • an emission spectrometry technique in which emission of photons is induced by introducing sample into a plasma. There are various techniques for generating plasma.

  • Alternate labels: MICROWAVE PLASMA EMISSION SPECTROMETRY

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc

  • Concept URI token: plasmaemissionspectrometry

    • @@ -3075,7 +3076,7 @@

    Child of: plasmaemissionspectrometry

  • A type of atomic emission spectrometry where a plasma generated by passing an electrical discharge between two electrodes is used as the excitation source. (https://www.rsc.org/publishing/journals/prospect/o ntology.asp?id=CMO:0000265&MSID=b200027j)

  • Alternate labels: DIRECT-CURRENT PLASMA ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROMETRY

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://www.rsc.org/publishing/journals/prospect/ontology.asp?id=CMO:0000265,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://www.rsc.org/publishing/journals/prospect/ontology.asp?id=CMO:0000265,

  • Concept URI token: directcurrentplasmaemissionspectrometry

    • @@ -3085,7 +3086,7 @@

  • Child of: plasmaemissionspectrometry

  • technique for determining the composition of a sample by heating it to the point that the material emits photons, and analyzing the wavelenth of the emitted photons. The sample is heated to emission temperatures using and inductively coupled plasma

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc

  • Concept URI token: inductivelycoupledplasmaemissionspectrometry

    • @@ -3095,7 +3096,7 @@

    Child of: inductivelycoupledplasmaemissionspectrometry

  • technique for determining the composition of a sample by heating it to the point that the material emits light, and analyzing the wavelenth of the emitted ultraviolet to visible wavelength light. The sample is heated to emission temperatures using and inductively coupled plasma. The ICP-OES is an optical emission spectrophotometric technique that requires samples to be in solution form. The solution gets introduced to the hot plasma, which excites the electrons that emit energy at a given wavelength as they return to ground state. Each element emits energy at a specific wavelength according to its chemical character. The intensity of the energy emitted at a specific wavelength is proportional to the concentration of that particular sample. The elemental composition can be determined by comparing to a set of reference standards. The final elemental composition can be expressed as ppm or mg/L.

  • Alternate labels: INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROMETRY

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: inductivelycoupledplasmaopticalemissionspectrometry

    • @@ -3107,7 +3108,7 @@

    Child of: opticalemissionspectrometry plasmaemissionspectrometry

  • an emission spectrometry technique in which emission of ultraviolet or visible light is induced by introducing sample into a plasma. There are various techniques for generating plasma.

  • Alternate labels: DIRECTLY COUPLED PLASMA OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY, PLASMA OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY,

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc

  • Concept URI token: plasmaopticalemissionspectrometry

    • @@ -3118,7 +3119,7 @@

  • Child of: emissionspectrometry

  • Technique based on spectrometer analysis of light emitted in the ultraviolet frequence range.

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb

  • Concept URI token: ultravioletemissionspectrometry

    • @@ -3137,7 +3138,7 @@

  • Child of: plasmaopticalspectrometry

  • A type of spectrometry where a plasma generated by passing an electrical discharge between two electrodes is used as the excitation source. Could be absorption, emission or transmission spectral analysis.

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: directcurrentplasmaspectrometry

    • @@ -3148,7 +3149,7 @@
    opticalspectrometry

  • measurement of the intensity of electromagnetic radiation as a function of frequency (or wavelength) of the radiation; radiation enters the meter through a slit and is dispersed by means of a prism. (Source: NASA; UUID: 3f7c8cc2-e3c3-4dfd-a17f-9d480f1f7179)

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, NASA,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, NASA,

  • Concept URI token: spectrophotometry

    • @@ -3168,7 +3169,7 @@
    infraredspectrometry transmissionspectrometry

  • In transmission IR spectroscopy, IR radiation is passed through a sample. Some of the IR radiation is absorbed by the sample and some of it is passed through (transmitted). The resulting spectrum represents the molecular absorption and transmission, creating a molecular fingerprint of the sample. (Q. Ye, P. Spencer, in Material-Tissue Interfacial Phenomena, 2017)

  • Alternate labels: TRANSMISSION IR SPECTROSCOPY

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc

  • Concept URI token: infraredtransmissionspectrometry

    • @@ -3188,7 +3189,7 @@

    Child of: xrayspectrometry

  • Technique to induce X-ray emission using a broad (large diameter) ion or electron beam as the excitation. [inferred from https://inis.ia ea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/30/060/30060365.pdf, but not really clear what is meant here…]

  • Alternate labels: BROAD BEAM ANALYSIS

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat

  • Concept URI token: broadbeamxrayspectrometry

    • @@ -3207,7 +3208,7 @@
    electroninducedxrayspectrometry energydispersivexrayspectrometry

  • Analysis of X-ray spectra generated by electron beam excitation using a Transmission electron microscope instrument

  • Alternate labels: Elemental spectra (ESPC) measurements, SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE-ENERGY DISPERSIVE XRAY ANALYSIS, SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE-ENERGY DISPERSIVE XRAYS, SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ENERGY DISPERSIVE XRAY SPECTROMETRY,

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: energydispersiveelectroninducedxrayspectrometry

    • @@ -3218,7 +3219,7 @@
    electroninducedxrayspectrometry

  • Within a given sample, once the X-ray intensities of each element of interest are “counted” in a detector at a specific beam current, the count rates are compared to those of standards containing known values of the elements of interest. Counting is typically done using wavelength-dispersive spectrometry. In turn, the X-ray intensities must be corrected for matrix effects associated with atomic number (Z), absorption (A) and fluorescence (F). This correction procedure is performed within a computer program that takes the raw counting rates of each element, compares these to standards, computes the ZAF correction (or similar type of correction) and displays the results as a function of the weight % of the oxides or elements. (https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/wds.html)

  • Alternate labels: ELECTRON MICROPROBE ANALYSIS, ELECTRON MICROPROBE, FIELD EMISSION ELECTRON MICROPROBE ANALYSIS, FIELD EMISSION ELECTRON MICROPROBE,

    • -

  • Source: https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/wds.html, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/wds.html, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: quantitativeanalysiselectroninducedxrayspectrometry

    • @@ -3241,7 +3242,7 @@
    xrayspectrometry

  • A method for obtaining information about isolated portions of an X-ray spectrum, achieved electronically with devices that discriminate among various parts of a spectrum based on the energy rather than the wavelength of the radiation. The sample is exposed to a polychromatic (multiple wavelength) source (X-rays, or other energetic particles), and the resulting X-rays from the sample are analyzed by detectors with various electronic components required for energy discrimination. The X-ray spectrum is analyzed (in comparison to standards) to provide quantitative or qualitative analysis of constituents in the sample. (Skoog, Holler & Crouch, p. 289)

  • Alternate labels: ENERGY-DISPERSIVE X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY, Energy dispersive spectroscopy,

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch,

  • Concept URI token: energydispersivexrayspectrometry

    • @@ -3251,7 +3252,7 @@
    electroninducedxrayspectrometry energydispersivexrayspectrometry

  • Analysis of X-ray spectra generated by electron beam excitation using a Transmission electron microscope instrument

  • Alternate labels: Elemental spectra (ESPC) measurements, SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE-ENERGY DISPERSIVE XRAY ANALYSIS, SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE-ENERGY DISPERSIVE XRAYS, SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ENERGY DISPERSIVE XRAY SPECTROMETRY,

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: energydispersiveelectroninducedxrayspectrometry

    • @@ -3271,7 +3272,7 @@
    particleinducedxrayspectrometry

  • Within a given sample, once the X-ray intensities of each element of interest are “counted” in a detector at a specific beam current, the count rates are compared to those of standards containing known values of the elements of interest. Counting is typically done using wavelength-dispersive spectrometry. In turn, the X-ray intensities must be corrected for matrix effects associated with atomic number (Z), absorption (A) and fluorescence (F). This correction procedure is performed within a computer program that takes the raw counting rates of each element, compares these to standards, computes the ZAF correction (or similar type of correction) and displays the results as a function of the weight % of the oxides or elements. (https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/wds.html)

    • -

  • Source: https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/wds.html), https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc,

    • +

  • Source: https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/wds.html), https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc,

  • Concept URI token: quantitativeanalysisparticleinducedxrayspectrometry

    • @@ -3302,7 +3303,7 @@

    Child of: xrayabsorptionspectrometry

  • This technique is based on the absorption of an X-ray photon, in which an electron interacts with an incident X-ray to acquire a time dependent acceleration. The electron may then be promoted from a core- orbital to an unoccupied bound or continuum state with an intensity given by Fermi’s Golden Rule. By varying the energy of a monochromatized beam of incident photons, a spectrum of the absorption cross section can be generated. The probability of an excitation sharply increases when the energy of the incident photon reaches the binding energy of a core-electron. In X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) this is referred to as an edge. XANES is a subset of XAS in which the local electronic structure is characterized by investigating the absorption cross section within 50-100 eV of an edge. The XANES region is sensitive to a wealth of electronic structure information, which may be analyzed in three sections. Before the edge, the intensity of pre-edge features is greatly affected by the coordination geometry of the central atom. At the edge, formal oxidation state may be qualitatively assigned, as the energy of the edge position is not an invariant quantity for a given element, the position shifts in accordance with electron density. Finally, coordination shells are interrogated just beyond the edge as the emitted photoelectron scatters off neighboring atoms. (https://www.cei.washington.edu/education/science-of-solar/xray- absorption-near-edge-spectroscopy-xanes/)

  • Alternate labels: X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, https://www.cei.washington.edu/education/science-of-solar/xray-absorption-near-edge-spectroscopy-xanes/,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://www.cei.washington.edu/education/science-of-solar/xray-absorption-near-edge-spectroscopy-xanes/,

  • Concept URI token: xrayabsorptionnearedgestructurespectrometry

    • @@ -3314,7 +3315,7 @@

  • Child of: xrayspectrometry

  • Primary X-rays are used to excite (fluoresce) X-rays that are emitted from the specimen. A fused disc or pressed pellet is used for the determination of major element concentrations or trace element abundances in a bulk specimen. The X-ray detector utilizes a set of diffracting crystals specially positioned to detect one characteristic X-ray at-a-time. This sequential measurement of X-rays is termed Wavelength Dispersive Spectroscopy (WDS). Additional information available at ‘http://www.nmnh.si.edu/minsci/labs/xrf.htm’. Measurement method of X-ray fluorescence used to measure amounts of elements in a material. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0302)

  • Alternate labels: X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS, X-ray Fluorescence spectroscopy, XRF Spectroscopy,

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0302, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0302, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: xrayfluorescencespectrometry

    • @@ -3323,7 +3324,7 @@

    • Child of: xrayfluorescencespectrometry

    • The confocal geometry uses two polycapillary focusing optics for enhanced applications of XRF elemental analysis. An excitation optic focuses a small X-ray beam onto the specimen. A detection optic collects fluorescent X-rays from the sample. Specifically, elemental concentrations are measured within the small probe volume (‘confocal volume’) defined by the intersection of the output focal spot of the excitation optic and the input focal spot of the collection optic. The polycapillary focusing optics act as spatial filters to eliminate background radiation from the sample and increase detection sensitivity for sample elements of interest. Additionally, confocal XRF can be used for elemental depth profiling. Confocal XRF acts as a material probe by exciting and detecting emitted characteristic X-ray photons from within the confocal analysis volume as this volume is through the sample. In this way elemental concentrations can be measured on the object’s surface and throughout the object’s interior. (https://www.xos.com/Confocal-XRF)

      • -

    • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, https://www.xos.com/Confocal-XRF,

      • +

    • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://www.xos.com/Confocal-XRF,

    • Concept URI token: confocalxrayfluorescencespectrometry

    @@ -3334,7 +3335,7 @@

  • Child of: xrayfluorescencespectrometry

  • an X-ray Fluorescence techniques used for elemental analysis applications. In EDXRF spectrometers, all of the elements in the sample are excited simultaneously, and an energy dispersive detector in combination with a multi-channel analyzer is used to simultaneously collect the fluorescence radiation emitted from the sample and then separate the different energies of the characteristic radiation from each of the different sample elements. Resolution of EDXRF systems is dependent upon the detector, and typically ranges from 150 eV – 600 eV. The principal advantages of EDXRF systems are their simplicity, fast operation, lack of moving parts, and high source efficiency. (https://www.xos.com/EDXRF; Chai et al, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0302)

  • Alternate labels: ENERGY-DISPERSIVE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA), energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (EDX), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS, EDXS),

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, https://www.xos.com/EDXRF,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://www.xos.com/EDXRF,

  • Concept URI token: energydispersivexrayfluorescencespectrometry

    • @@ -3345,7 +3346,7 @@

  • Child of: xrayfluorescencespectrometry

  • Analysis of X-ray fluorescence spectra generated by excitation using a synchrotron radiation source instead of X-ray tube as excitation source. Synchrotron radiation source has the characteristics of high intensity and high collimation. ( https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-16-5328-5_6 ). Synchrotron radiation is light emitted when a beam of electrons traveling close to light speed is bent away from a straight trajectory. (https://www.radiasoft.net/blog/synchrotron- radiation-101-light-sources). It is characterized by high brightness– many orders of magnitude brighter than conventional sources–and [is highly polarized], tunable, collimated (consisting of almost parallel rays) and concentrated over a small area (https://www.iop.org/publications/iop/2011/page_47511.html#gref [page no longer accessible])

  • Alternate labels: SYNCHROTON X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS, Synchrotron-based X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy, synchrotron radiation induced X-ray fluorescence analysis,

    • -

  • Source: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-16-5328-5_6, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex,

    • +

  • Source: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-16-5328-5_6, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex,

  • Concept URI token: synchrotonxrayfluorescencespectrometry

    • @@ -3365,7 +3366,7 @@

    • Child of: synchrotonxrayfluorescencespectrometry xraycomputedtomography

    • X-ray flourescence spectrometery focused to extract inforamtion from inside the volume of a sample, with X-rays sourced from a synchrotron.

      • -

    • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex

      • +

    • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex

    • Concept URI token: synchrotronxrayfluorescencetomography

    @@ -3377,7 +3378,7 @@

  • Child of: xrayfluorescencespectrometry

  • a surface elemental analysis technique often used for the ultra- trace analysis of particles, residues, and impurities on smooth surfaces. TXRF is essentially an energy dispersive XRF technique arranged in a special geometry. An incident beam impinges upon a polished flat sample carrier at angles below the critical angle of external total reflection for X-rays, resulting in the reflection of most of the excitation beam photons at this surface. Since Total Reflection angle depends on the energy of the photon, one can use this effect to eliminate the high energy photons from the excitation spectrum and minimize their contribution to the background in the measured spectra, thus making possible to achieve better detection limits. Due to this configuration, the measured spectral background in TXRF is less than in conventional XRF. This reduction results in increased signal to noise ratio. (https://www- pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/TCS-51/html/pdf/Section%201.pdf)

  • Alternate labels: total reflection X- ray fluorescence analysis

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/TCS-51/html/pdf/Section%201.pdf,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/TCS-51/html/pdf/Section%201.pdf,

  • Concept URI token: totalreflectionxrayfluorescencespectrometry

    • @@ -3391,7 +3392,7 @@

    spectrometry

  • Measurement principle of molecular spectroscopy based on Raman scattering. (Source: IUAPC; https://iupac.org/wp- content/uploads/2019/10/PAC-REC-19-02-03.R2_PR191002MC.pdf). Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. This technique uses a source of monochromatic electromagnetic radiation to interact with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the analyzed sample resulting in the energy of the incident photons being shifted up or down. The light source is typically a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range, although X-rays can also be used. The shift in energy from the incident source gives information about the vibrational modes in the analyzed sample. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the incident excitation is filtered out, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector.

  • Alternate labels: Laser Raman Microanalysis, Raman Spectroscopy, Raman vibrational spectroscopy, Raman,

    • -

  • Source: https://iupac.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/PAC-REC-19-02-03.R2_PR191002MC.pdf, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, DFG,

    • +

  • Source: https://iupac.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/PAC-REC-19-02-03.R2_PR191002MC.pdf, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, DFG,

  • Concept URI token: ramanspectrometry

    • @@ -3410,7 +3411,7 @@

  • Child of: imagingtechniques surfaceanalysis

  • a sharp probe tip mounted on a microcantilever scans over the specimen line by line, whereby the topographic image of the sample surface is generated by ‘feeling’ rather than ‘looking.’ (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16712-6_496). As the tip approaches the surface, the close-range, attractive forces between the surface and the tip causes the cantilever to deflect towards the surface. However, as the cantilever is brought even closer to the surface, until the tip makes contact with it, increasingly repulsive forces takes over and causes the cantilever to deflect away from the surface. (https://lnf- wiki.eecs.umich.edu/wiki/Atomic_force_microscopy)

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16712-6_496, https://lnf-wiki.eecs.umich.edu/wiki/Atomic_force_microscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16712-6_496, https://lnf-wiki.eecs.umich.edu/wiki/Atomic_force_microscopy, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex,

  • Concept URI token: afmtopographyimaging

    • @@ -3420,7 +3421,7 @@

    surfaceanalysis

  • carried out by placing a catalyst inside a reactor and pushing an inert gas into the chamber. Alternatively the sample can be located in a UHV chamber with no carrier gas. The sample is dosed with a probe gas such as CO, NH3, H2 etc. The sample is then increased in temperature at a linear ramp rate and the desorption products analysed by a mass spectrometer. This technique is powerful and effective in obtaining information about surface chemistry. (https://www.hidenanalytical.com/blog/what-temperature-programmed- desorption-tpd/)

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://www.hidenanalytical.com/blog/what-temperature-programmed-desorption-tpd/,

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://www.hidenanalytical.com/blog/what-temperature-programmed-desorption-tpd/,

  • Concept URI token: temperatureprogrammeddesorptionelectronprobeanalysis

    • @@ -3440,7 +3441,7 @@

    Child of: geochronology trackcounting

  • Like fission-track dating, alpha-recoil track (ART) dating is based on the accumulation of nuclear particles that are released by natural radioactivity and produce etchable tracks in solids. ARTs are formed during the alpha-decay of uranium and thorium as well as of their daughter nuclei. When emitting an alpha-particle, the heavy remaining nucleus recoils 30-40 nm, leaving behind a trail of radiation damage. Through etching the ART tracks become visible with interference phase- contrast microscopy. Alpha-recoil dating has a great potential for Quaternary chronometry and tephrochronology. (https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00185-0)

  • Alternate labels: ALPHA-RECOIL TRACKS DATING

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00185-0, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00185-0, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc,

  • Concept URI token: alpharecoiltrackcounting

    • @@ -3451,7 +3452,7 @@

    Child of: geochronology trackcounting

  • Fission track age with correction applied for partial annealing using Isothermal plateau correction (https://doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(92)90017-V)

  • Alternate labels: FISSION TRACK, ISOTHERMAL PLATEAU FISSION TRACK ANALYSIS,

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(92)90017-V, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(92)90017-V, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb,

  • Concept URI token: fissiontrackcounting

    • @@ -3461,7 +3462,7 @@

  • Child of: trackcounting

  • [? guess ] Technique used to measure the 222Rn concentration (Bq.m-3) in occupational and domestic environments. The detector employed is the LEXAN plastic. An electrochemical process is used to reveal the tracks generated at the detector surface by the incidence of the alpha particles from radon and its progeny decay ( Andrade Pinheiro and Cardozo, 2009, https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollec tionStore/_Public/41/057/41057319.pdf)

    • -

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat

    • +

  • Source: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat

  • Concept URI token: nuclearparticletrackcounting

    • @@ -3473,7 +3474,7 @@

    analyticalmethod

  • Measurement method using diffraction of X-radiation to obtain the spatial arrangement of atoms in a crystalline sample. X-ray diffraction is based on constructive interference of monochromatic X-rays and a crystalline sample. These X-rays are generated by a cathode ray tube, filtered to produce monochromatic radiation, collimated to concentrate, and directed toward the sample. The interaction of the incident rays with the sample produces constructive interference (and a diffracted ray) when conditions satisfy Bragg’s Law (n‘lambda’=2dsin(theta)). This law relates the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation to the diffraction angle and the lattice spacing in a crystalline sample. These diffracted X-rays are then detected, processed and counted. By changing the geometry of the incident rays, the sample, and the detector, all possible diffraction directions of the lattice should be attained.(https://serc.carleton.ed u/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/XRD.html) Copper K-a radiation (l = 0.15406 nm, E = 8.04 keV) is typically used for routine XRD. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0302). Technique based on observing the scattered intensity of an X-ray beam hitting a sample as a function of incident and scattered angle, polarization, and wavelength or energy where the scattering is elastic and the scattering object is crystalline, so that the resulting pattern contains sharp spots analyzed by X-ray crystallography. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_scattering_techniques)

  • Alternate labels: X-RAY DIFFRACTION SPECTROMETRY, X-ray diffraction analysis,

    • -

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0302, https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/XRD.html, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex,

    • +

  • Source: https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0302, https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/XRD.html, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex,

  • Concept URI token: xraydiffraction

    • @@ -3483,7 +3484,7 @@

    Child of: xraydiffraction

  • Single-crystal X-ray Diffraction is a non-destructive analytical technique which provides detailed information about the internal lattice of crystalline substances, including unit cell dimensions, bond-lengths, bond-angles, and details of site-ordering. X-ray diffraction is based on constructive interference of monochromatic X-rays and a crystalline sample. These X-rays are generated by a cathode ray tube, filtered to produce monochromatic radiation, collimated to concentrate, and directed toward the sample. The interaction of the incident rays with the sample produces constructive interference (and a diffracted ray) when conditions satisfy Bragg’s Law (n‘lambda’=2dsin(theta)). This law relates the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation to the diffraction angle and the lattice spacing in a crystalline sample. These diffracted X-rays are then detected, processed and counted. By changing the geometry of the incident rays, the orientation of the centered crystal and the detector, all possible diffraction directions of the lattice should be attained. Single-crystal diffractometers use either 3- or 4-circle goniometers. These circles refer to the four angles (2*theta, ‘chi’, ‘phi’, and ‘omega’) that define the relationship between the crystal lattice, the incident ray and detector. Samples are mounted on thin glass fibers which are attached to brass pins and mounted onto goniometer heads. Adjustment of the X, Y and Z orthogonal directions allows centering of the crystal within the X-ray beam. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction is most commonly used for precise determination of a unit cell, including cell dimensions and positions of atoms within the lattice. (https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/t echniques/SXD.html)

  • Alternate labels: X-ray crystallography, X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray diffraction,

    • -

  • Source: https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/SXD.html, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, DFG,

    • +

  • Source: https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/SXD.html, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, DFG,

  • Concept URI token: singlecrystalxraydiffraction

    • @@ -3494,7 +3495,7 @@

    Child of: xraydiffraction

  • X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) is a rapid analytical technique primarily used for phase identification of a crystalline material and can provide information on unit cell dimensions. The analyzed material is finely ground, homogenized, and average bulk composition is determined. The geometry of an X-ray diffractometer is such that the sample rotates in the path of the collimated X-ray beam at an angle theta while the X-ray detector is mounted on an arm to collect the diffracted X-rays and rotates at an angle of 2*theta. The instrument used to maintain the angle and rotate the sample is termed a goniometer. For typical powder patterns, data is collected at 2theta from ~5degree to 70degree, angles that are preset in the X-ray scan. X-ray powder diffraction is most widely used for the identification of unknown crystalline materials (e.g. minerals, inorganic compounds). (h ttps://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/X RD.html)

  • Alternate labels: Powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray diffraction snalysis, X-ray diffraction,

    • -

  • Source: https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/XRD.html, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox,

    • +

  • Source: https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/XRD.html, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox,

  • Concept URI token: xraypowderdiffraction

    • diff --git a/geochemistry/html/GeochemAnalyticalMethod.md b/geochemistry/html/GeochemAnalyticalMethod.md index b3b6aeb..891396f 100644 --- a/geochemistry/html/GeochemAnalyticalMethod.md +++ b/geochemistry/html/GeochemAnalyticalMethod.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ [Analytical methods for geochemistry](#Analyticalmethodsforgeochemistry) -This file generated at: "2023-05-30T15:42:40.448607+00:00" +This file generated at: "2023-06-20T15:41:27.208691+00:00" --- comment: | WARNING: This file is generated. Any edits will be lost! @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ execute: Vocabulary last modified: 2023-05-26 subtitle: - This concept scheme contains skos concepts for analysis methods used to produce observation results with information about the physical properties, chemical or isotopic composition, crystallography, or molecular structure of material samples. Based on spreadsheet compilation of method vocabularies from GeoX, GeoRock, PetDb and OSIRIS-REx. Definitions added and updated based on web research, and SKOS serialization by S.M. Richard. + This concept scheme contains skos concepts for analysis methods used to produce observation results with information about the physical properties, chemical or isotopic composition, crystallography, or molecular structure of material samples. Based on spreadsheet compilation of method vocabularies from GeoX, GEOROC, PetDB and OSIRIS-REx. Definitions added and updated based on web research, and SKOS serialization by S.M. Richard. Note that although there are high-level method categories for 'Physical property measurements' and the 'Bioanalytical method', these are placeholders and only include a few examples that are relevant to analytical methods in geo- or cosmochemistry. Namespace: [`https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/method`](https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/method) @@ -35,8 +35,9 @@ Namespace: **History** * 2023-05-26 SMR add funding acknowledgement for Astromat support from NASA planetary sciences division, using schema.org/funding property. +* 2023-06-17 SMR put the dcterm agent objects in https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent URI space (instead of analyticalmethod). Add 'and cosmochemistry' in vocab title. * Add provenance and better source information, prepare for posting to Australian Research Data Commons (ARDC) Research Vocabularies Australia SMR 2023-05-01. -* Draft generated by S.M. Richard 2023-02-14, based on spreadsheet compilation of method vocabularies from GeoX, GEOROC, PetDb and OSIRIS-REx (Astromat). Definitions added and updated and SKOS serialization by S.M. Richard. +* Draft generated by S.M. Richard 2023-02-14, based on spreadsheet compilation of method vocabularies from GeoX, GEOROC, PetDB and OSIRIS-REx (Astromat). Definitions added and updated and SKOS serialization by S.M. Richard. - [Analytical method](#analyticalmethod) - [Bench chemistry ](#benchchemistry) @@ -380,8 +381,8 @@ COMBUSTION - **Source:** https://preparatorychemistry.com/Bishop_Combustion_Analysis.htm, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, - Concept URI token: combustionanalysis @@ -409,7 +410,7 @@ STEPPED HEATING ANALYSIS - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://www.precisa.com/blog/what-is-loss-on-ignition-loi, - Concept URI token: lossonignitionanalysis @@ -440,8 +441,8 @@ PENFIELD METHOD - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: penfieldmethodanalysis @@ -465,9 +466,9 @@ WET-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_chemistry, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: wetchemistry @@ -503,7 +504,7 @@ CARBONATE BOMB - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc - Concept URI token: carbonatebombanalysis @@ -528,7 +529,7 @@ CHARMOGRAPH - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc - Concept URI token: charmographanalysis @@ -550,7 +551,7 @@ calculate the percentage of CaCO3. (https://www.gabbrielli.com/en/prodotto/dietrich-fruhling-calcimeter/) - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://www.gabbrielli.com/en/prodotto/dietrich-fruhling-calcimeter/, - Concept URI token: dietrichfruhlingcalcimetry @@ -578,9 +579,9 @@ COLORIMETRY - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/colorimetric-analysis, - Concept URI token: colormetricanalysis @@ -607,7 +608,7 @@ NICKEL SULFIDE FIRE ASSAY ISOTOPE DILUTION ANALYSIS - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb - Concept URI token: fireassayemissionspectrometry @@ -630,9 +631,9 @@ https://www.allthescience.org/what-is-bench-chemistry.htm). - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_chemistry#Gravimetric_analysis, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: gravimeticanalysis @@ -659,7 +660,7 @@ ARSINE GUTZEIT REACTION - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc - Concept URI token: gutzeittest @@ -687,9 +688,9 @@ Laser Assisted Fluorination for Bulk Oxygen Isotope Ratio Measurements, - **Source:** https://sil.uoregon.edu/laser-fluorination/, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, - Concept URI token: laserfluorinationanalysis @@ -731,9 +732,9 @@ destructive activation analysis - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0302, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/radiochemical-neutron-activation-analysis-rnaa, - Concept URI token: radiochemicalneutronactivationanalysis @@ -762,9 +763,9 @@ VOLUMETRY, - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titration, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: titration @@ -796,7 +797,7 @@ general. - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, - Concept URI token: dnasequencing @@ -820,7 +821,7 @@ will identify the particles of interest so they can be counted. - **Source:** https://apps.usgs.gov/thesaurus/thesaurus-full.php?thcode=2&code=400, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, - Concept URI token: flowcytometry @@ -847,7 +848,7 @@ https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262) - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, - Concept URI token: fluorescentinsituhybridization @@ -883,7 +884,7 @@ DNA hybridization capture - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybridization_assay, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, - Concept URI token: hybridizationassay @@ -909,7 +910,7 @@ Second generation sequencing, - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, - Concept URI token: nextgenerationsequencing @@ -941,7 +942,7 @@ Quantitative PCR, - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/ask-a-scientist/what-is-qpcr/, - Concept URI token: quantitativepolymerasechainreaction @@ -967,7 +968,7 @@ Chain termination sequencing - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, - Concept URI token: sangersequencing @@ -990,7 +991,7 @@ Shot gun sequencing - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, - Concept URI token: shotgunmethod @@ -1036,9 +1037,9 @@ pyrolysis) and the type of detector used to analyze the eluates. This vocabulary does not define an exhaustive set of subclasses. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: gaschromatographyanalysis @@ -1094,7 +1095,7 @@ mass analyzer by an open split interface, and particles with m/z ratios of interest are counted by detectors. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: combustiongaschromatographyisotopicratiomassspectrometry @@ -1117,7 +1118,7 @@ IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0111) - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0111, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, NASA, - Concept URI token: gaschromatographyflameionizationdetection @@ -1142,7 +1143,7 @@ IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0111) - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0111, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, - Concept URI token: pyrolysisgaschromatographyflameionizationdetection @@ -1162,8 +1163,8 @@ by gas chromatography, followed by detection with a mass spectrometer. - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, - Concept URI token: gaschromatographymassspectrometry @@ -1201,7 +1202,7 @@ mass analyzer by an open split interface, and particles with m/z ratios of interest are counted by detectors. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: combustiongaschromatographyisotopicratiomassspectrometry @@ -1226,7 +1227,7 @@ Pyrolysis mass spectrometry - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, - Concept URI token: pyrolysisgaschromatographymassspectrometry @@ -1251,7 +1252,7 @@ as a change in electrical resistance and are measured. (NASA; UUID: f54fd6d0-9705-4f45-8c78-7eaba058b1b6) - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, NASA, - Concept URI token: gaschromatographythermalconductivitydetection @@ -1294,7 +1295,7 @@ IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0111) - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0111, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, - Concept URI token: pyrolysisgaschromatographyflameionizationdetection @@ -1319,7 +1320,7 @@ Pyrolysis mass spectrometry - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, - Concept URI token: pyrolysisgaschromatographymassspectrometry @@ -1339,8 +1340,8 @@ HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: liquidchromatographyanalysis @@ -1369,9 +1370,9 @@ Ion exchange chromatography, - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0111, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, NASA, - Concept URI token: ionchromatographyanalysis @@ -1391,7 +1392,7 @@ attracted to it. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography) - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: anionchromatographyanalysis @@ -1433,7 +1434,7 @@ sample prep: load sample in solution; 2) elution - column, vary concentration of eluent; 3) detection- not specified - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb - Concept URI token: gradientionchromatographyanalysis @@ -1468,7 +1469,7 @@ universal Mass spectrometry format. xml namespace http://psidev.info/files/ms/mzML/xsd/mzML1.1.0.xsd - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: liquidchromatographymassspectrometry @@ -1487,7 +1488,7 @@ organic matter (NOM) constituents in aquatic environments and water- soluble synthetic organic matter in water. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox - Concept URI token: liquidchromatographyorganiccarbondetection @@ -1525,7 +1526,7 @@ electrode). (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109). - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, - Concept URI token: amperometry @@ -1547,8 +1548,8 @@ concentration of the analyte (Timothee Houssin, ... Vincent Senez, in Waterborne Pathogens (Second Edition), 2021) - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: coulometricalanalysis @@ -1592,7 +1593,7 @@ IMPEDANCE ELECTROCHEMICAL SPECTROSCOPY - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://www.biologic.net/topics/what-is-eis/, https://www.jlab.org/conferences/tfsrf/Thursday/Th2_1-EIS%20intro%20Reece.pdf, @@ -1616,10 +1617,10 @@ https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109). - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: potentiometry @@ -1648,9 +1649,9 @@ ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODE - **Source:** https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Physical_Methods_in_Chemistry_and_Nano_Science_(Barron)/01%3A_Elemental_Analysis/1.07%3A_Ion_Selective_Electrode_Analysis, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch, - Concept URI token: ionsensitiveelectrodeanalysis @@ -1676,7 +1677,7 @@ using a platinum electrode with a saturated calomel electrode as reference. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, DFG, - Concept URI token: redoxpotentialmeasurement @@ -1704,8 +1705,8 @@ VOLTAMETRY, - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch, - Concept URI token: voltammetry @@ -1736,7 +1737,7 @@ analysis/polarography/) - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarography, https://unacademy.com/content/nta-ugc/study-material/pharmaceutical-analysis/polarography/, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch, - Concept URI token: polarography @@ -1784,8 +1785,8 @@ excite the phosphor causing it to fluoresce. Acquired with EMPA, SEM, TEM - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, DFG, - Concept URI token: electronbackscatterdiffraction @@ -1815,7 +1816,7 @@ ion#In_a_transmission_electron_microscope) - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_diffraction#In_a_transmission_electron_microscope, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, - Concept URI token: transmittedelectrondiffraction @@ -1845,9 +1846,9 @@ MICROSCOPE VACUUM HEATING STAGE - **Source:** http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB01, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elemental_analysis, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: elementalanalysis @@ -1891,7 +1892,7 @@ Elemental analyzer mass spectrometry - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat - Concept URI token: elementalanalysismassspectrometry @@ -1917,9 +1918,9 @@ ELEMENTAL ANALYZER CONTINUOUS-FLOW ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETRY, - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: continuousflowisotoperatiomassspectrometry @@ -1945,8 +1946,8 @@ Elemental analyzer - isotope ratio mass spectrometry - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: elementalanalysisisotoperatiomassspectrometry @@ -1992,7 +1993,7 @@ ALPHA-RECOIL TRACKS DATING - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00185-0, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, - Concept URI token: alpharecoiltrackcounting @@ -2022,7 +2023,7 @@ ELECTRON-SPIN RESONANCE AGE - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_spin_resonance_dating, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, - Concept URI token: electronspinresonanceageanalysis @@ -2047,8 +2048,8 @@ ISOTHERMAL PLATEAU FISSION TRACK ANALYSIS, - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(92)90017-V, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: fissiontrackcounting @@ -2074,7 +2075,7 @@ argon retention temperature. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: geochronology40ar39ar @@ -2117,7 +2118,7 @@ wiki.eecs.umich.edu/wiki/Atomic_force_microscopy) - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16712-6_496, https://lnf-wiki.eecs.umich.edu/wiki/Atomic_force_microscopy, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, - Concept URI token: afmtopographyimaging @@ -2160,7 +2161,7 @@ of 10,000-10,000,000 nm3). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_probe) - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_probe, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, - Concept URI token: atomprobetomography @@ -2195,7 +2196,7 @@ High resolution cathodoluminescence - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://www.delmic.com/en/techniques/cathodoluminescence, - Concept URI token: cathodoluminescenceimaging @@ -2219,10 +2220,10 @@ ANAYTICAL ELECTRON MICROSCOPY - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: electronmicroscopyimaging @@ -2240,7 +2241,7 @@ crytallographic orientation changes in a raster of backscattered electron diffraction data points. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: backscatteredelectrongrainboundarymap @@ -2269,10 +2270,10 @@ Backscatter electron microscopy - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: backscatteredelectronimaging @@ -2301,7 +2302,7 @@ Secondary electron microscopy - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/materials/sem-signal-types-electrons-and-the-information-they-provide/, - Concept URI token: secondaryelectronimaging @@ -2330,8 +2331,8 @@ Transmission electron microscopy - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, - Concept URI token: transmissionelectronimaging @@ -2366,7 +2367,7 @@ Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy - **Source:** https://eels.info/about/techniques/eftem, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, - Concept URI token: energyfilteredtransmissionelectronimaging @@ -2404,7 +2405,7 @@ Scanning transmission electron microscopy - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, - Concept URI token: scanningtransmissionelectronimaging @@ -2424,7 +2425,7 @@ each point to generate an image. Instrument used is typically an electron microscope that has an additional ion beam excitation source. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: focusedionbeamscanningmicroscopy @@ -2445,7 +2446,7 @@ Quantitative reflectance imaging system - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: quantitativereflectanceimagingsystem @@ -2466,7 +2467,7 @@ surface, the patterns become distorted. The cameras capture these images and send them to the 3D scanning software for processing. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: structuredlightscanning @@ -2490,7 +2491,7 @@ Visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared (VNMIR) 2D spectral raster SwRI micro- - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: visiblenearinfraredandmidinfraredimaging @@ -2521,7 +2522,7 @@ X-RADIOGRAPHY - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://www.fieldmuseum.org/science/research/area/conserving-collections/examination-documentation/x-radiography, - Concept URI token: xrayimaging @@ -2553,7 +2554,7 @@ X-RAY MICROSCOPY ANALYSIS - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_microscope, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, - Concept URI token: microscopicxrayimaging @@ -2575,7 +2576,7 @@ X-ray computed micro-tomography (XCMT) - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: xraycomputedtomography @@ -2593,7 +2594,7 @@ https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex inside the volume of a sample, with X-rays sourced from a synchrotron. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: synchrotronxrayfluorescencetomography @@ -2611,7 +2612,7 @@ analysis at a raster of points on a sample surface. Might be based on EDS or WDS data - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: xraymap @@ -2635,7 +2636,7 @@ Energy-dispersive X-ray spectral data (EDS) - 2D raster - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: energydispersivexrayspectraraster @@ -2719,7 +2720,7 @@ brief interval, termed the fluorescence lifetime. http://micro.magnet - **Source:** http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/techniques/fluorescence/fluorhome.html, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, NASA, - Concept URI token: fluorescencemicroscopy @@ -2737,7 +2738,7 @@ NASA, reflected light in human-visible part of the spectrum. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: visiblelightmicroscopy @@ -2763,8 +2764,8 @@ typically collected using a microscope. - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_counting_(geology), -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: pointcounting @@ -2806,7 +2807,7 @@ DUPONT SOLID'S MOISTURE ANALYSIS - **Source:** https://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_138.pdf, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: moistureanalysis @@ -2823,7 +2824,7 @@ https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, a set of grains spread on a sample platter. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: particlesizedistributionanalysis @@ -2849,8 +2850,8 @@ typically collected using a microscope. - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_counting_(geology), -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: pointcounting @@ -2923,10 +2924,10 @@ ANAYTICAL ELECTRON MICROSCOPY - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: electronmicroscopyimaging @@ -2944,7 +2945,7 @@ crytallographic orientation changes in a raster of backscattered electron diffraction data points. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: backscatteredelectrongrainboundarymap @@ -2973,10 +2974,10 @@ Backscatter electron microscopy - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: backscatteredelectronimaging @@ -3005,7 +3006,7 @@ Secondary electron microscopy - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/materials/sem-signal-types-electrons-and-the-information-they-provide/, - Concept URI token: secondaryelectronimaging @@ -3034,8 +3035,8 @@ Transmission electron microscopy - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, - Concept URI token: transmissionelectronimaging @@ -3070,7 +3071,7 @@ Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy - **Source:** https://eels.info/about/techniques/eftem, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, - Concept URI token: energyfilteredtransmissionelectronimaging @@ -3108,7 +3109,7 @@ Scanning transmission electron microscopy - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, - Concept URI token: scanningtransmissionelectronimaging @@ -3128,7 +3129,7 @@ each point to generate an image. Instrument used is typically an electron microscope that has an additional ion beam excitation source. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: focusedionbeamscanningmicroscopy @@ -3165,7 +3166,7 @@ scanning proton microscopy (SPM), - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.ns.42.120192.000245, - Concept URI token: nuclearmicroprobeanalysis @@ -3214,7 +3215,7 @@ a function of the weight % of the oxides or elements. - **Source:** https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/wds.html), -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, - Concept URI token: quantitativeanalysisparticleinducedxrayspectrometry @@ -3237,7 +3238,7 @@ RN-EMANATION ANALYSIS, - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc - Concept URI token: particlecounting @@ -3261,9 +3262,9 @@ ALPHA-DECAY COUNTING, - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: alphaparticlecounting @@ -3282,7 +3283,7 @@ rays, the presence of elements emitting those gamma rays can be estimated. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: gammacounting @@ -3316,7 +3317,7 @@ NEUTRON COINCIDENCE COUNTING, - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://www.lanl.gov/org/ddste/aldgs/sst-training/_assets/docs/PANDA/Principles%20of%20Neutron%20Coincidence%20Counting%20Ch.%2016%20p.%20457-492.pdf, - Concept URI token: neutroncounting @@ -3346,7 +3347,7 @@ Particle induced activation analysis, - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0302, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, - Concept URI token: particleinducedactivationanalysis @@ -3365,7 +3366,7 @@ deuterium atoms, consisting of a proton and a neutron. - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02520983, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, - Concept URI token: deuteronactivationanalysis @@ -3393,9 +3394,9 @@ irradiation 2) gamma ray spectrometry - **Source:** https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/INAA.html, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch, https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/instrumental-neutron-activation-analysis-inaa, @@ -3418,8 +3419,8 @@ MeV. They can be described as incompletely moderated neutrons which are destined to become thermalised. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch, - Concept URI token: epithermalneutronactivationanalysis @@ -3472,7 +3473,7 @@ irradiation 2) gamma ray spectrometry - **Source:** https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/INAA.html, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch, https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/instrumental-neutron-activation-analysis-inaa, @@ -3503,7 +3504,7 @@ https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.907, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055022) http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055022, https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.907, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(90)90036-7, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, - Concept URI token: pigsneutronactivationanalysis @@ -3524,9 +3525,9 @@ Neutron-induced prompt gamma-ray analysis - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch, - Concept URI token: promptgammaneutronactivationanalysis @@ -3556,9 +3557,9 @@ destructive activation analysis - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0302, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/radiochemical-neutron-activation-analysis-rnaa, - Concept URI token: radiochemicalneutronactivationanalysis @@ -3604,7 +3605,7 @@ INSTRUMENTAL PHOTON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.3390/min11060617, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, - Concept URI token: photonactivationanalysis @@ -3623,8 +3624,8 @@ the human eye. (Source: NASA; UUID; 806d0bc3-8d08-4418-800b-972292f3db99) - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, - Concept URI token: photometry @@ -3641,7 +3642,7 @@ https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, infrared light source; - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc - Concept URI token: infraredphotometry @@ -3658,7 +3659,7 @@ https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc infrared light light reflected from a sample; - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc - Concept URI token: infraredreflectance @@ -3702,7 +3703,7 @@ ADSORPTION - **Source:** http://www.cyto.purdue.edu/cdroms/cyto2/6/coulter/ss000107.htm, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, - Concept URI token: adsorptionanalysis @@ -3722,7 +3723,7 @@ scene. Various techniques might be used to reconstruct the shape of the cone. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: angleofreposemeasurement @@ -3745,7 +3746,7 @@ Changes in length of 10 picometres can be detected. - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilatometer, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, - Concept URI token: capacitancedilatometry @@ -3764,7 +3765,7 @@ properties (elastic modulus, crushing strength, critical flaw length at failure, and fracture behavior). - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: compressiontest @@ -3783,7 +3784,7 @@ sample is determined from the peak of the resulting shear stress versus shear displacement curve - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: directshearstrengthmeasurement @@ -3817,7 +3818,7 @@ helium pycnometer - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_pycnometer, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, - Concept URI token: gaspycnometry @@ -3833,9 +3834,9 @@ https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, - measurement of the pressure of gases or vapors - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: manometry @@ -3853,7 +3854,7 @@ displacement curves as a micro indentor is pressed into the sample surface - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: nanoindentationandmicroindentation @@ -3878,7 +3879,7 @@ Atomic force microscopy - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: particlecohesiondetermination @@ -3920,7 +3921,7 @@ Seismic velocities and rock ultrasonic elastic constants - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: seismicvelocitiesandrockultrasonicelasticconstants @@ -3989,8 +3990,8 @@ Power compensation DSC, - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2012-0609, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_scanning_calorimetry, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, DFG, - Concept URI token: differentialscanningcalorimetry @@ -4022,7 +4023,7 @@ Differential analyzer - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc - Concept URI token: differentialthermalanalyis @@ -4054,7 +4055,7 @@ INDUCTION HEATING - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc - Concept URI token: inductionheatinganalysis @@ -4091,7 +4092,7 @@ characteristics of the object as well as its thickness. - **Source:** https://movitherm.com/knowledgebase/what-is-lock-in-thermography/, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, - Concept URI token: lockinthermography @@ -4112,7 +4113,7 @@ temperatures, using a device that does not require liquid nitrogen or liquid helium for cooling. [need more information] - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: minicryogenfreemeasurementsystemforthermalconductivity @@ -4129,7 +4130,7 @@ https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex finite element model of observation data. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: sphericalcellbulkthermalconductivityanalysis @@ -4159,7 +4160,7 @@ Thermogravimetric analysis - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, O-REx technique, - Concept URI token: thermogravimetryanalysis @@ -4186,8 +4187,8 @@ SPECTROGRAPHY, - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/spectrometry, - Concept URI token: spectrometry @@ -4236,8 +4237,8 @@ Nuclear magnetic resonance, - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance_spectroscopy, https://iupac.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/PAC-REC-19-02-03.R2_PR191002MC.pdf, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, DFG, - Concept URI token: nuclearmagneticresonancespectrometry @@ -4271,7 +4272,7 @@ Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-020-00002-1, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_nuclear_magnetic_resonance, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, - Concept URI token: solidstatenuclearmagneticresonancespectroscopy @@ -4311,7 +4312,7 @@ ISOTOPE-DILUTION ALPHA-SPECTROMETRY, - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-particle_spectroscopy, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, - Concept URI token: alphaparticlespectrometry @@ -4352,7 +4353,7 @@ surface species - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auger_electron_spectroscopy, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, - Concept URI token: augerelectronspectroscopy @@ -4421,8 +4422,8 @@ X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_photoelectron_spectroscopy, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch, - Concept URI token: xrayphotoelectronspectrometery @@ -4458,9 +4459,9 @@ desorption sources. (Skoog, Holler & Crouch, p. 502) - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch, - Concept URI token: massspectrometry @@ -4492,7 +4493,7 @@ chemical concentration of analyte; 2) ionization: ion beam; 3) mass analyzer: accelerator Mass spectrometer; 4) detector: not specified. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch, - Concept URI token: acceleratormassspectrometry @@ -4517,7 +4518,7 @@ Elemental analyzer mass spectrometry - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat - Concept URI token: elementalanalysismassspectrometry @@ -4543,9 +4544,9 @@ ELEMENTAL ANALYZER CONTINUOUS-FLOW ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETRY, - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: continuousflowisotoperatiomassspectrometry @@ -4571,8 +4572,8 @@ Elemental analyzer - isotope ratio mass spectrometry - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: elementalanalysisisotoperatiomassspectrometry @@ -4591,7 +4592,7 @@ molecular formulas (but not structures) with the elements C, H, O, N, S, Mg, Cl in a mixture. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: fouriertransformioncyclotronresonancemassspectrometry @@ -4611,8 +4612,8 @@ by gas chromatography, followed by detection with a mass spectrometer. - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, - Concept URI token: gaschromatographymassspectrometry @@ -4650,7 +4651,7 @@ mass analyzer by an open split interface, and particles with m/z ratios of interest are counted by detectors. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: combustiongaschromatographyisotopicratiomassspectrometry @@ -4675,7 +4676,7 @@ Pyrolysis mass spectrometry - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, - Concept URI token: pyrolysisgaschromatographymassspectrometry @@ -4701,7 +4702,7 @@ mass, and quantified using a series of Faraday cups. mass-spectrometry/1795) - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://www.emsl.pnnl.gov/science/related-instrument/isotope-ratio-mass-spectrometry/1795, - Concept URI token: isotoperatiomassspectrometry @@ -4740,7 +4741,7 @@ mass analyzer by an open split interface, and particles with m/z ratios of interest are counted by detectors. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: combustiongaschromatographyisotopicratiomassspectrometry @@ -4766,9 +4767,9 @@ ELEMENTAL ANALYZER CONTINUOUS-FLOW ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETRY, - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: continuousflowisotoperatiomassspectrometry @@ -4793,7 +4794,7 @@ Analyzed aliquots are gas. - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope-ratio_mass_spectrometry, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, - Concept URI token: dualinletisotoperatiomassspectrometry @@ -4819,8 +4820,8 @@ Elemental analyzer - isotope ratio mass spectrometry - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: elementalanalysisisotoperatiomassspectrometry @@ -4848,9 +4849,9 @@ Laser Assisted Fluorination for Bulk Oxygen Isotope Ratio Measurements, - **Source:** https://sil.uoregon.edu/laser-fluorination/, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, - Concept URI token: laserfluorinationanalysis @@ -4885,7 +4886,7 @@ Stepped heating carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00592-7, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, - Concept URI token: steppedheatingcarbonandnitrogenisotopicanalysis @@ -4905,7 +4906,7 @@ sample prepartion: polished surface 2) ionization: laser. Point analysis. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc - Concept URI token: laserablationmassspectrometry @@ -4936,10 +4937,10 @@ LASER ABLATION QUADRUPOLE INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY, - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: laserablationinductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry @@ -4963,7 +4964,7 @@ Stream-AN30298-EN.pdf) - **Source:** https://assets.thermofisher.com/TFS-Assets/CMD/Application-Notes/AN-30298-ICP-MS-Laser-Ablation-Split-Stream-AN30298-EN.pdf, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, - Concept URI token: lassmassspectrometry @@ -4998,7 +4999,7 @@ universal Mass spectrometry format. xml namespace http://psidev.info/files/ms/mzML/xsd/mzML1.1.0.xsd - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: liquidchromatographymassspectrometry @@ -5021,7 +5022,7 @@ stable isotope analyses. Components: 1) sample preparation: multiprep device - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc - Concept URI token: micromassmultiprepmassspectrometry @@ -5051,8 +5052,8 @@ Rare-gas mass spectrometry, - **Source:** https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/jres/38/jresv38n6p617_A1b.pdf, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, - Concept URI token: noblegasmassspectrometry @@ -5083,9 +5084,9 @@ NOBLE-GAS METHOD - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, - Concept URI token: neutronirradiationnoblegasmassspectrometry @@ -5104,7 +5105,7 @@ samples using laser resonance to generate a plasma, and a time-of- flight mass analyzer. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: resonanceionizationtimeofflightnoblegasmassspectrometry @@ -5126,7 +5127,7 @@ the Fourier transform of the frequency signal. - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbitrap, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, - Concept URI token: orbitrapmassspectrometry @@ -5156,7 +5157,7 @@ analysis is done with an Orbitrap mass analyzer. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbitrap) - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: desorptionelectrosprayionizationorbitrapmassspectrometry @@ -5175,7 +5176,7 @@ detector: not specified. Plasma can be generated in various ways: inductive coupling, spark, lasers, microwaves. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc - Concept URI token: plasmasourcemassspectrometry @@ -5204,10 +5205,10 @@ SECTOR FIELD INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY, - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: inductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry @@ -5236,10 +5237,10 @@ ISOTOPE-DILUTION HIGH-RESOLUTION INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY, - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: highresolutioninductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry @@ -5270,10 +5271,10 @@ LASER ABLATION QUADRUPOLE INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY, - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: laserablationinductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry @@ -5301,7 +5302,7 @@ ULTRASONIC NEBULIZATION INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY, - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc - Concept URI token: liquidinletinductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry @@ -5319,7 +5320,7 @@ spectrometry (ICP-MS) are grouped into one 'analtyical technique' by O-REx sample analysis team. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: multicollectorinductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry @@ -5340,7 +5341,7 @@ QUADRUPOLE INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: quadrupoleinductivelycoupledplasmmassspectrometry @@ -5371,7 +5372,7 @@ RESONANCE-IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY, - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00329, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, - Concept URI token: laserionizationmassspectrometry @@ -5390,7 +5391,7 @@ samples using laser resonance to generate a plasma, and a time-of- flight mass analyzer. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: resonanceionizationtimeofflightnoblegasmassspectrometry @@ -5432,11 +5433,11 @@ Secondary Ion mass spectrometry, - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch, - Concept URI token: secondaryionizationmassspectrometry @@ -5481,7 +5482,7 @@ Ishihara, Uchino, Itose; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.4857 - **Source:** http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.4857, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://www.spectroscopyeurope.com/system/files/pdf/SNMS_21_4.pdf, - Concept URI token: secondaryneutralmassspectrometry @@ -5508,7 +5509,7 @@ spectra and image files depending on the nature of the sample and number of analysis locations. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: microprobetwosteplasermassspectrometry @@ -5524,7 +5525,7 @@ https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex - Technique for analysis of elements or isotopes in a solid material. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc - Concept URI token: solidsourcemassspectrometry @@ -5564,9 +5565,9 @@ SPARK-SOURCE MASS SPECTROMETRY, - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch, - Concept URI token: sparksourcemassspectrometry @@ -5599,10 +5600,10 @@ THERMAL IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY ISOTOPE DILUTION, - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: thermalionizationmassspectrometry @@ -5624,7 +5625,7 @@ ISOTOPE-DILUTION NEGATIVE ION THERMAL-IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc - Concept URI token: negativeionthermalionizationmassspectrometry @@ -5640,7 +5641,7 @@ https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc - - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc - Concept URI token: positiveionthermalionizationmassspectrometry @@ -5664,7 +5665,7 @@ region of solids. (https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470027318.a6208.pub2, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reaction_analysis) - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat - Concept URI token: nuclearreactionspectrometry @@ -5710,8 +5711,8 @@ Spectrofluorometry, - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_spectroscopy, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, NASA, - Concept URI token: fluorescencespectrometry @@ -5735,9 +5736,9 @@ GAMMA SPECTROMETRY - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: gammarayspectrometry @@ -5773,9 +5774,9 @@ Mossbauer spectroscopy - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6ssbauer_spectroscopy, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: mossbauerspectroscopy @@ -5799,7 +5800,7 @@ region of solids. (https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470027318.a6208.pub2, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reaction_analysis) - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat - Concept URI token: nuclearreactionspectrometry @@ -5828,8 +5829,8 @@ NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROMETRY, - **Source:** https://conductscience.com/the-basics-of-infrared-spectrophotometry/, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: infraredspectrometry @@ -5853,7 +5854,7 @@ COMBUSTION-INFRARED TECHNIQUE, - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc - Concept URI token: combustioninfraredspectrometry @@ -5893,9 +5894,9 @@ FOURIER TRANSFORM IR SPECTROSCOPY - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch, - Concept URI token: fouriertransforminfraredspectrometry @@ -5927,7 +5928,7 @@ INFRARED GAS ANALYZER, - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_gas_analyzer, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, - Concept URI token: infraredabsorptionspectrometry @@ -5964,7 +5965,7 @@ oxidation-method-measurement-principles; https://www.sciencedirect.com /science/article/abs/pii/0304420388900436) - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc - Concept URI token: catalyticcombustionanalysis @@ -5990,7 +5991,7 @@ TRANSMISSION IR SPECTROSCOPY - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc - Concept URI token: infraredtransmissionspectrometry @@ -6017,7 +6018,7 @@ LECO FURNACE - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://www.element.com/materials-testing-services/chemical-analysis-labs/leco-analysis, - Concept URI token: lecofurnaceanalysis @@ -6044,7 +6045,7 @@ spectra are created. (https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(10)70205-4) - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(10)70205-4, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, - Concept URI token: nanoscaleinfraredspectrometry @@ -6067,9 +6068,9 @@ SPECTROPHOTOMETRY, - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: opticalspectrometry @@ -6119,10 +6120,10 @@ MICROABSORPTION ANALYSIS, - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_absorption_spectroscopy, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: atomicabsorptionspectrometry @@ -6140,7 +6141,7 @@ atomised using a probe which is rapidly heated by passing a current through it. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc - Concept URI token: electrothermalabsorptionspectrometry @@ -6171,7 +6172,7 @@ INFRARED GAS ANALYZER, - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_gas_analyzer, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, - Concept URI token: infraredabsorptionspectrometry @@ -6192,7 +6193,7 @@ samples. (https://eal.ucmerced.edu/instrumentation/water-isotope- analyzer; https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:43008377) - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc - Concept URI token: laserabsorptionspectrometry @@ -6219,9 +6220,9 @@ COLORIMETRY - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/colorimetric-analysis, - Concept URI token: colormetricanalysis @@ -6252,8 +6253,8 @@ DROES, - **Source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_emission_spectroscopy, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: emissionspectrometry @@ -6279,7 +6280,7 @@ NICKEL SULFIDE FIRE ASSAY ISOTOPE DILUTION ANALYSIS - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb - Concept URI token: fireassayemissionspectrometry @@ -6300,9 +6301,9 @@ FLAME PHOTOMETRY - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: flameemissionspectrometry @@ -6341,7 +6342,7 @@ PLASMA OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY, - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc - Concept URI token: plasmaopticalemissionspectrometry @@ -6363,7 +6364,7 @@ MICROWAVE PLASMA EMISSION SPECTROMETRY - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc - Concept URI token: plasmaemissionspectrometry @@ -6386,8 +6387,8 @@ DIRECT-CURRENT PLASMA ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROMETRY - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://www.rsc.org/publishing/journals/prospect/ontology.asp?id=CMO:0000265, - Concept URI token: directcurrentplasmaemissionspectrometry @@ -6407,7 +6408,7 @@ wavelenth of the emitted photons. The sample is heated to emission temperatures using and inductively coupled plasma - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc - Concept URI token: inductivelycoupledplasmaemissionspectrometry @@ -6440,10 +6441,10 @@ INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROMETRY - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: inductivelycoupledplasmaopticalemissionspectrometry @@ -6467,7 +6468,7 @@ PLASMA OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY, - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc - Concept URI token: plasmaopticalemissionspectrometry @@ -6484,7 +6485,7 @@ https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc ultraviolet frequence range. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb - Concept URI token: ultravioletemissionspectrometry @@ -6518,8 +6519,8 @@ source. Could be absorption, emission or transmission spectral analysis. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: directcurrentplasmaspectrometry @@ -6538,7 +6539,7 @@ enters the meter through a slit and is dispersed by means of a prism. (Source: NASA; UUID: 3f7c8cc2-e3c3-4dfd-a17f-9d480f1f7179) - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, NASA, - Concept URI token: spectrophotometry @@ -6578,7 +6579,7 @@ TRANSMISSION IR SPECTROSCOPY - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc - Concept URI token: infraredtransmissionspectrometry @@ -6614,7 +6615,7 @@ BROAD BEAM ANALYSIS - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat - Concept URI token: broadbeamxrayspectrometry @@ -6654,9 +6655,9 @@ SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ENERGY DISPERSIVE XRAY SPECTROMETRY, - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: energydispersiveelectroninducedxrayspectrometry @@ -6691,9 +6692,9 @@ FIELD EMISSION ELECTRON MICROPROBE, - **Source:** https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/wds.html, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: quantitativeanalysiselectroninducedxrayspectrometry @@ -6762,8 +6763,8 @@ Energy dispersive spectroscopy, - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/skooghollercrouch, - Concept URI token: energydispersivexrayspectrometry @@ -6789,9 +6790,9 @@ SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ENERGY DISPERSIVE XRAY SPECTROMETRY, - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: energydispersiveelectroninducedxrayspectrometry @@ -6839,7 +6840,7 @@ a function of the weight % of the oxides or elements. - **Source:** https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/wds.html), -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, - Concept URI token: quantitativeanalysisparticleinducedxrayspectrometry @@ -6941,10 +6942,10 @@ X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://www.cei.washington.edu/education/science-of-solar/xray-absorption-near-edge-spectroscopy-xanes/, - Concept URI token: xrayabsorptionnearedgestructurespectrometry @@ -6977,11 +6978,11 @@ XRF Spectroscopy, - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0302, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: xrayfluorescencespectrometry @@ -7012,7 +7013,7 @@ measured on the object's surface and throughout the object's interior. (https://www.xos.com/Confocal-XRF) - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, https://www.xos.com/Confocal-XRF, - Concept URI token: confocalxrayfluorescencespectrometry @@ -7047,8 +7048,8 @@ energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS, EDXS), - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, https://www.xos.com/EDXRF, - Concept URI token: energydispersivexrayfluorescencespectrometry @@ -7085,8 +7086,8 @@ synchrotron radiation induced X-ray fluorescence analysis, - **Source:** https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-16-5328-5_6, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, - Concept URI token: synchrotonxrayfluorescencespectrometry @@ -7131,7 +7132,7 @@ https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0302 inside the volume of a sample, with X-rays sourced from a synchrotron. - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex - Concept URI token: synchrotronxrayfluorescencetomography @@ -7165,7 +7166,7 @@ total reflection X- ray fluorescence analysis - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/TCS-51/html/pdf/Section%201.pdf, - Concept URI token: totalreflectionxrayfluorescencespectrometry @@ -7205,9 +7206,9 @@ Raman, - **Source:** https://iupac.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/PAC-REC-19-02-03.R2_PR191002MC.pdf, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, DFG, - Concept URI token: ramanspectrometry @@ -7250,7 +7251,7 @@ wiki.eecs.umich.edu/wiki/Atomic_force_microscopy) - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16712-6_496, https://lnf-wiki.eecs.umich.edu/wiki/Atomic_force_microscopy, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, - Concept URI token: afmtopographyimaging @@ -7274,7 +7275,7 @@ obtaining information about surface chemistry. desorption-tpd/) - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, https://www.hidenanalytical.com/blog/what-temperature-programmed-desorption-tpd/, - Concept URI token: temperatureprogrammeddesorptionelectronprobeanalysis @@ -7319,7 +7320,7 @@ ALPHA-RECOIL TRACKS DATING - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00185-0, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, - Concept URI token: alpharecoiltrackcounting @@ -7344,8 +7345,8 @@ ISOTHERMAL PLATEAU FISSION TRACK ANALYSIS, - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(92)90017-V, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/petdb, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/petdb, - Concept URI token: fissiontrackcounting @@ -7367,7 +7368,7 @@ Pinheiro and Cardozo, 2009, https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollec tionStore/_Public/41/057/41057319.pdf) - **Source:** -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat - Concept URI token: nuclearparticletrackcounting @@ -7412,10 +7413,10 @@ X-ray diffraction analysis, - **Source:** https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0302, https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/XRD.html, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/astromat, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/georoc, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/orex, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/astromat, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/georoc, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/orex, - Concept URI token: xraydiffraction @@ -7464,7 +7465,7 @@ X-ray diffraction, - **Source:** https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/SXD.html, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, DFG, - Concept URI token: singlecrystalxraydiffraction @@ -7502,7 +7503,7 @@ X-ray diffraction, - **Source:** https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/XRD.html, -https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/geox, +https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent/geox, - Concept URI token: xraypowderdiffraction