diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/html.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/html.ts
index 7d971375040b5c..d1b0e932df3167 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/html.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/html.ts
@@ -774,11 +774,8 @@ export function buildHtmlPlugin(config: ResolvedConfig): Plugin {
         return tags
       }
 
-      for (const [id, html] of processedHtml) {
-        const relativeUrlPath = path.posix.relative(
-          config.root,
-          normalizePath(id),
-        )
+      for (const [normalizedId, html] of processedHtml) {
+        const relativeUrlPath = path.posix.relative(config.root, normalizedId)
         const assetsBase = getBaseInHTML(relativeUrlPath, config)
         const toOutputFilePath = (
           filename: string,
@@ -804,7 +801,7 @@ export function buildHtmlPlugin(config: ResolvedConfig): Plugin {
         const toOutputPublicAssetFilePath = (filename: string) =>
           toOutputFilePath(filename, 'public')
 
-        const isAsync = isAsyncScriptMap.get(config)!.get(id)!
+        const isAsync = isAsyncScriptMap.get(config)!.get(normalizedId)!
 
         let result = html
 
@@ -813,7 +810,8 @@ export function buildHtmlPlugin(config: ResolvedConfig): Plugin {
           (chunk) =>
             chunk.type === 'chunk' &&
             chunk.isEntry &&
-            chunk.facadeModuleId === id,
+            chunk.facadeModuleId &&
+            normalizePath(chunk.facadeModuleId) === normalizedId,
         ) as OutputChunk | undefined
 
         let canInlineEntry = false
@@ -898,7 +896,7 @@ export function buildHtmlPlugin(config: ResolvedConfig): Plugin {
           [...normalHooks, ...postHooks],
           {
             path: '/' + relativeUrlPath,
-            filename: id,
+            filename: normalizedId,
             bundle,
             chunk,
           },
@@ -928,7 +926,9 @@ export function buildHtmlPlugin(config: ResolvedConfig): Plugin {
           inlineEntryChunk.add(chunk.fileName)
         }
 
-        const shortEmitName = normalizePath(path.relative(config.root, id))
+        const shortEmitName = normalizePath(
+          path.relative(config.root, normalizedId),
+        )
         this.emitFile({
           type: 'asset',
           fileName: shortEmitName,
diff --git a/playground/html/__tests__/html.spec.ts b/playground/html/__tests__/html.spec.ts
index ed06f730308a4d..687629d91055b5 100644
--- a/playground/html/__tests__/html.spec.ts
+++ b/playground/html/__tests__/html.spec.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { hasWindowsUnicodeFsBug } from '../../hasWindowsUnicodeFsBug'
 import {
   browserLogs,
   editFile,
+  expectWithRetry,
   getColor,
   isBuild,
   isServe,
@@ -375,6 +376,16 @@ describe('special character', () => {
   })
 })
 
+describe('relative input', () => {
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    await page.goto(viteTestUrl + '/relative-input.html')
+  })
+
+  test('passing relative path to rollupOptions.input works', async () => {
+    await expectWithRetry(() => page.textContent('.relative-input')).toBe('OK')
+  })
+})
+
 describe.runIf(isServe)('warmup', () => {
   test('should warmup /warmup/warm.js', async () => {
     // warmup transform files async during server startup, so the module check
diff --git a/playground/html/relative-input.html b/playground/html/relative-input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..b18dcea836a1d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/html/relative-input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<script type="module" src="./relative-input/main.js"></script>
+
+<p class="relative-input"></p>
diff --git a/playground/html/relative-input/main.js b/playground/html/relative-input/main.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..b60f93e96854ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/html/relative-input/main.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+document.querySelector('.relative-input').textContent = 'OK'
diff --git a/playground/html/vite.config.js b/playground/html/vite.config.js
index 003a591def4c1d..4452200a08aeeb 100644
--- a/playground/html/vite.config.js
+++ b/playground/html/vite.config.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { resolve } from 'node:path'
+import { relative, resolve } from 'node:path'
 import { defineConfig } from 'vite'
 import { hasWindowsUnicodeFsBug } from '../hasWindowsUnicodeFsBug'
 
@@ -40,6 +40,10 @@ export default defineConfig({
         serveBothFile: resolve(__dirname, 'serve/both.html'),
         serveBothFolder: resolve(__dirname, 'serve/both/index.html'),
         write: resolve(__dirname, 'write.html'),
+        relativeInput: relative(
+          process.cwd(),
+          resolve(__dirname, 'relative-input.html'),
+        ),
       },
     },
   },