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arbitrum-docs/launch-orbit-chain/concepts/chain-ownership.md
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| title: 'Orbit chain ownership' | ||
| sidebar_label: 'Chain ownership' | ||
| description: 'Overview of the technical architecture of chain ownership affordances on Orbit chains.' | ||
| author: dzgoldman | ||
| sme: dzgoldman | ||
| target_audience: 'Developers deploying and maintaining Orbit chains.' | ||
| sidebar_position: 0 | ||
| --- | ||
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| A **chain owner** of an <a data-quicklook-from='arbitrum-orbit'>Orbit</a> chain is an entity that can carry out critical upgrades to the chain's core protocol; this includes upgrading protocol contracts, setting core system parameters, and adding & removing other chain owners. | ||
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| An Orbit chain's initial chain owner is set by the chain's creator when the chain is deployed. | ||
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| The chain-ownership architecture is designed to give Orbit chain creators flexibility in deciding how upgrades to their chain occur. | ||
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| import PublicPreviewBannerPartial from '../partials/_orbit-public-preview-banner-partial.md'; | ||
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| ### Architecture | ||
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| Chain ownership affordance is handled via [**Upgrade Executor**](https://github.com/OffchainLabs/upgrade-executor) contracts. | ||
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| Each Orbit chain is deployed with two Upgrade Executors — one on the Orbit chain itself, and one on its <a data-quicklook-from='parent-chain'>parent chain.</a> At deployment, the chain's critical affordances are given to the Upgrade Executor contracts. | ||
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| Some examples: | ||
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| - The parent chain's core protocol contracts are upgradeable proxies that are controlled by a proxy admin; the proxy admin is owned by the Upgrade Executor on the parent chain. | ||
| - The core Rollup contract's admin role is given to the Upgrade Executor on the parent chain. | ||
| - The affordance to call setters on the ArbOwner procompile — which allows for setting system gas parameters and scheduling ArbOS upgrades (among other things) — is given to the Upgrade Executor on the Orbit chain. | ||
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| Calls to an Upgrade Executor can only be made by chain owners; e.g., entities granted the `EXECUTOR_ROLE` affordance on the Upgrade Executor. Upgrade executors also have the `ADMIN_ROLE` affordance granted to themselves, which lets chain owners add or remove chain owners. | ||
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| With this architecture, the Upgrade Executor represents a single source of truth for affordances over critical upgradability of the chain. | ||
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| ### Upgrades | ||
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| Upgrades occur via a chain owner initiating a call to an Upgrade Executor, which in turns calls some chain-owned contract. | ||
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| Chain owners can either call [UpgradeExecutor.executeCall](https://github.com/OffchainLabs/upgrade-executor/blob/a8d3020c2771d164ebd323b1d99249049fe749f9/src/UpgradeExecutor.sol#L73), which will in turn call the target contract directly, or [UpgradeExecutor.execute](https://github.com/OffchainLabs/upgrade-executor/blob/a8d3020c2771d164ebd323b1d99249049fe749f9/src/UpgradeExecutor.sol#L57), which will delegate-call to an "action contract" and use its code to call the target contract. | ||
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| ### Ownership flexibility | ||
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| A chain owner is simply an address; it is set by the Orbit chain's deployer and can represent any sort of governance scheme. I.e., it could be an EOA (as is set via the [Orbit Quickstart](../orbit-quickstart.md)), a Multisig, a governance token system, etc. | ||
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| The Arbitrum DAO governed chains, while not Orbit chains themselves, use a similar architecture and upgrade pattern as Orbit chains, with both a governance token and a Multisig (aka, the "Security Council") as chain owners. For more info and best practices on action contracts, see ["DAO Governance Action Contracts"](https://github.com/ArbitrumFoundation/governance/blob/main/src/gov-action-contracts/README.md). | ||
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| (_NOTE: The DAO Governed chains' Upgrade Executor contracts don't have the `.executeCall` method; only the `.execute` method_) |
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