Remove literal_getproperty adjoint from SciMLBase

[DhairyaLGandhi]

Checklist

• Appropriate tests were added
• Any code changes were done in a way that does not break public API
• All documentation related to code changes were updated
• The new code follows the
  contributor guidelines, in particular the SciML Style Guide and
  COLPRAC.
• Any new documentation only uses public API

Additional context

Now that SciML/SciMLSensitivity.jl#1056 has been merged, this adjoint can be removed from here.

Add any other context about the problem here.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 41.53%. Comparing base (de51914) to head (e1bce73).

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           master     #701       +/-   ##
===========================================
+ Coverage   28.90%   41.53%   +12.62%     
===========================================
  Files          55       55               
  Lines        4573     4582        +9     
===========================================
+ Hits         1322     1903      +581     
+ Misses       3251     2679      -572     

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