Implement happy eyeballs (RFC 8305) (#7954)

[bdraco]

(cherry picked from commit c4ec3f1)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: 4 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Comparison is base (8222403) 97.37% compared to head (3b291d0) 97.37%.
Report is 9 commits behind head on 3.10.

Files	Patch %	Lines
aiohttp/connector.py	91.66%	2 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
tests/test_connector.py	99.22%	0 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff            @@
##             3.10    #8005    +/-   ##
========================================
  Coverage   97.37%   97.37%            
========================================
  Files         108      108            
  Lines       32541    32735   +194     
  Branches     3847     3894    +47     
========================================
+ Hits        31687    31876   +189     
- Misses        652      656     +4     
- Partials      202      203     +1     

Flag	Coverage Δ
CI-GHA	97.28% <98.50%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
OS-Linux	96.98% <98.50%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
OS-Windows	94.48% <96.88%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
OS-macOS	96.80% <98.50%> (+0.20%)	⬆️
Py-3.10.11	94.38% <96.88%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
Py-3.10.13	96.76% <98.50%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
Py-3.11.7	96.52% <98.50%> (+0.03%)	⬆️
Py-3.12.1	96.54% <98.50%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
Py-3.8.10	94.36% <96.88%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
Py-3.8.18	96.69% <98.50%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
Py-3.9.13	94.37% <96.88%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
Py-3.9.18	96.75% <98.50%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
Py-pypy7.3.13	96.28% <98.50%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
VM-macos	96.80% <98.50%> (+0.20%)	⬆️
VM-ubuntu	96.98% <98.50%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
VM-windows	94.48% <96.88%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️

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[bdraco]

Will push this to production shortly to make sure I got all the conflicts done correctly again

[bdraco]

Everything looks good after running for an hour. Is effectively the same code I've been running for weeks now though, just did the merge conflict again