[date] Add tz recipe as a dependency

[samuel-emrys]

• Add tz recipe as a dependency to provide a way of easily consuming/maintaining and upgrading the timezone database
• Apply patch from Add ability to specify timezone database location via environment variable HowardHinnant/date#807 to add the ability to specify the tz database by environment variable
• Deprecate use_system_tz_db in favour of with_tzdb option to handle all mutually exclusive options
• Add with_db_format option to provide flexibility in how the tz package is consumed.

This implementation supersedes #16285 and #21719. In the case of #21719, it turned out that HowardHinnant/date#611 was not mature enough to provide the ability for the date library to read zic-compiled binary variants of the tzdb on Windows. To take an iterative approach, this PR aims to extract the elements that worked from #21719, which was the use of an environment variable to inject the conan packaged tz database.

Use of a binary database has been marked as an invalid configuration on Windows. This functionality can be added at a later date.

This pull request is blocked on #21671, which packages the source database in the tz recipe and makes this the default configuration since this is the only database that can be parsed consistently on all major platforms.

Blocked by #21671
Closes #16204

Specify library name and version: date/3.0.1

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• I've read the contributing guidelines.
• I've used a recent Conan client version close to the currently deployed.
• I've tried at least one configuration locally with the conan-center hook activated.

[conan-center-bot]

Conan v1 pipeline ✔️

All green in build 2 (1beb37a3a29b600b8ab809897f183b4eea152f93):

• date/3.0.0:
  All packages built successfully! (All logs)

• date/2.4.1:
  All packages built successfully! (All logs)

• date/3.0.1:
  All packages built successfully! (All logs)

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Conan v2 pipeline ❌

Note: Conan v2 builds are now mandatory. Please read our discussion about it.

The v2 pipeline failed. Please, review the errors and note this is required for pull requests to be merged. In case this recipe is still not ported to Conan 2.x, please, ping @conan-io/barbarians on the PR and we will help you.

See details:

Failure in build 2 (1beb37a3a29b600b8ab809897f183b4eea152f93):

• date/2.4.1:
  Error running command conan graph info --requires date/2.4.1@#7f79c754ee45d3d222d8d88af3998d9c -f json -pr:h /home/conan/w/prod-v2/bsr/72875/caeaf/profile_linux_11_libstdcpp11_17_gcc_release_64.-shared-False_date-header_only-False.txt -pr:b /home/conan/w/prod-v2/bsr/72875/caeaf/profile_linux_11_libstdcpp11_17_gcc_release_64..txt:

  ======== Computing dependency graph ========
  tz/2023c: Not found in local cache, looking in remotes...
  tz/2023c: Checking remote: conan-center
  tz/2023c: Downloaded recipe revision 0ad5cf387a5e3d7ed63eb5492dbc57ba
  ERROR: option 'with_binary_db' doesn't exist
  Possible options are []
  

• date/3.0.1:
  Didn't run or was cancelled before finishing

• date/3.0.0:
  Didn't run or was cancelled before finishing

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