Backport of backend/s3: prevent keys containing double slashes into v1.6

[teamterraform]

Backport

This PR is auto-generated from #33869 to be assessed for backporting due to the inclusion of the label 1.6-backport.

The below text is copied from the body of the original PR.

---

With the AWS Go SDK V2, URI cleaning of S3 object URLs is no longer done by default. As such, key values containing double slashes (//) could introduce situations where an existing statefile cannot be read. This additional validation step disallows keys containing double slashes to prevent this.

Prevention of leading and trailing slashes (also potential failure points with AWS Go SDK v2) is already done via the validateStringS3Path validator.

% TF_ACC=1 go test ./internal/backend/remote-state/s3/...
ok      github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/backend/remote-state/s3 122.148

Relates #33687
Relates hashicorp/terraform-provider-aws#33358 (changes to URI cleaning discovered during SDK upgrade of this resource in the AWS Provider)

Target Release

1.6.x

Draft CHANGELOG entry

N/A - validation change only.

[jar-b]

% TF_ACC=1 go test ./internal/backend/remote-state/s3/...
ok      github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/backend/remote-state/s3 122.594s

[github-actions]

Reminder for the merging maintainer: if this is a user-visible change, please update the changelog on the appropriate release branch.

[github-actions]

I'm going to lock this pull request because it has been closed for 30 days ⏳. This helps our maintainers find and focus on the active contributions.
If you have found a problem that seems related to this change, please open a new issue and complete the issue template so we can capture all the details necessary to investigate further.