Do not use image tag without version

[yurishkuro]

Which problem is this PR solving?

• Resolves [Bug]: jaegertracing/all-in-one:latest does not match the latest Docker versioned tag nor the latest git tag #5721
• The previous PR Only attach :latest tag to versioned images from main #5781 didn't quite work because we were still applying tags like --tag docker.io/foo/bar (without a version), which evidently leads Docker to treat them as :latest, which is exactly what we are trying to avoid for main branch

Description of the changes

• Remove usage of no-version tags --tag docker.io/foo/bar completely
• Fix unit tests, make them stricter

How was this change tested?

• Unit tests

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 96.66%. Comparing base (ed5cc29) to head (330b803).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #5783   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   96.66%   96.66%           
=======================================
  Files         342      342           
  Lines       16519    16519           
=======================================
  Hits        15968    15968           
  Misses        362      362           
  Partials      189      189           

Flag	Coverage Δ
badger_v1	8.05% <ø> (ø)
badger_v2	1.81% <ø> (ø)
cassandra-3.x-v1	16.61% <ø> (ø)
cassandra-3.x-v2	1.74% <ø> (ø)
cassandra-4.x-v1	16.61% <ø> (ø)
cassandra-4.x-v2	1.74% <ø> (ø)
elasticsearch-6.x-v1	18.78% <ø> (ø)
elasticsearch-7.x-v1	18.84% <ø> (ø)
elasticsearch-8.x-v1	19.02% <ø> (-0.02%)	⬇️
elasticsearch-8.x-v2	1.80% <ø> (ø)
grpc_v1	9.51% <ø> (ø)
grpc_v2	7.14% <ø> (+0.01%)	⬆️
kafka	9.74% <ø> (ø)
memory_v2	1.80% <ø> (-0.02%)	⬇️
opensearch-1.x-v1	18.88% <ø> (ø)
opensearch-2.x-v1	18.89% <ø> (ø)
opensearch-2.x-v2	1.81% <ø> (+0.01%)	⬆️
unittests	95.09% <ø> (ø)

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