Ensure static index signatures have an errorNode available

src/compiler/checker.ts

@@ -36898,6 +36898,11 @@ namespace ts {
                     const someBaseTypeHasBothIndexers = forEach(getBaseTypes(<InterfaceType>type), base => getIndexTypeOfType(base, IndexKind.String) && getIndexTypeOfType(base, IndexKind.Number));
                     errorNode = someBaseTypeHasBothIndexers || !type.symbol.declarations ? undefined : type.symbol.declarations[0];
                 }
+                if (!errorNode) {
+                    // `getIndexDeclarationOfSymbol` does not return the declarations for static index signatures, since they
+                    // come from the __index symbol in the `exports` table of the symbol, and not the `members` table
+                    errorNode = getIndexInfoOfType(type, IndexKind.Number)?.declaration || getIndexInfoOfType(type, IndexKind.String)?.declaration;
+                }
             }
 
             if (errorNode && !isTypeAssignableTo(numberIndexType!, stringIndexType!)) { // TODO: GH#18217

tests/baselines/reference/staticIndexSignature3.errors.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+tests/cases/conformance/classes/staticIndexSignature/staticIndexSignature3.ts(12,5): error TS2413: Numeric index type '1' is not assignable to string index type 'boolean'.
+
+
+==== tests/cases/conformance/classes/staticIndexSignature/staticIndexSignature3.ts (1 errors) ====
+    class B {
+        static readonly [s: string]: number;
+        static readonly [s: number]: 42 | 233
+    }
+
+    class D extends B {
+        static readonly [s: string]: number
+    }
+
+    class ED extends D {
+        static readonly [s: string]: boolean
+        static readonly [s: number]: 1 
+        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2413: Numeric index type '1' is not assignable to string index type 'boolean'.
+    }
+
+    class DD extends D {
+        static readonly [s: string]: 421
+    }
+
+    const a = B["f"];
+    const b =  B[42];
+    const c = D["f"]
+    const d = D[42]
+    const e = ED["f"]
+    const f = ED[42]
+    const g = DD["f"]
+    const h = DD[42]
+