[chore] Upgrade go version in CI

[dmitryax]

To resolve the govulncheck reports:

Vulnerability #1: GO-2023-1987
    Large RSA keys can cause high CPU usage in crypto/tls
  More info: https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2023-1987
  Standard library
    Found in: crypto/tls@go1.19.11
    Fixed in: crypto/tls@go1.21rc4
    Example traces found:
Error:       #1: service/internal/proctelemetry/config.go:299:27: proctelemetry.initOTLPgRPCExporter calls otlpmetricgrpc.New, which eventually calls tls.Conn.Handshake
Error:       #2: service/internal/proctelemetry/config.go:156:39: proctelemetry.InitPrometheusServer calls http.Server.ListenAndServe, which eventually calls tls.Conn.HandshakeContext
Error:       #3: service/service.go:251:36: service.buildResource calls uuid.NewRandom, which eventually calls tls.Conn.Read
Error:       #4: service/config.go:35:13: service.Config.Validate calls fmt.Printf, which eventually calls tls.Conn.Write
Error:       #5: service/telemetry/telemetry.go:32:28: telemetry.Telemetry.Shutdown calls trace.TracerProvider.Shutdown, which eventually calls tls.Dialer.DialContext

https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector/actions/runs/5753675727/job/15597394973?pr=8144

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Patch and project coverage have no change.

Comparison is base (3089ea8) 90.25% compared to head (9e26089) 90.25%.
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #8172   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   90.25%   90.25%           
=======================================
  Files         301      301           
  Lines       15551    15551           
=======================================
  Hits        14035    14035           
  Misses       1227     1227           
  Partials      289      289           

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