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Glossary
Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Used to transfer content such as web pages over the internet. Content is sent unencrypted, so any intermediary could potentially read it in transit. HTTP is therefore not secure. HTTPS is the secure counterpart of HTTP.
A secure version of HTTP. Content is sent encrypted to prevent an intermediary from being able to read it in transit.
An entity on a computer network in between the requester of some content and the server which hosts it, e.g. a proxy or an internet service provider.
Internet service provider, an organization which provides internet access. Traffic leaving a computer's local network (in a home, office, internet cafe, etc.) goes here before either being forwarded to its destination, or blocked in the case that the ISP employs censorship. Traffic bound for your computer likewise must pass through your ISP before it can reach you.
Another user you're connected to on a computer network.
Describes a network architecture where each computer in the network can act as client and server, as opposed to just one or a few servers providing service to many clients. Peer-to-peer networks are decentralized and therefore more difficult to shut down.
An intermediary which forwards traffic between a user requesting content and the server that hosts it, often because the user cannot reach the server directly due to censorship.
A program which proxies traffic for all programs on a computer which access the network.