refactor: re-enable linters, use presets

[phm07]

This PR updates the linting rules, disabling old, unused ones and now using presets for less clutter.
This file was used as a starting point: https://github.com/apricote/releaser-pleaser/blob/main/.golangci.yaml

Closes #836

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 47.54098% with 32 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 61.47%. Comparing base (b6aecb3) to head (7d4f8f0).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
internal/cmd/server/create.go	0.00%	10 Missing ⚠️
internal/testutil/testing.go	0.00%	6 Missing ⚠️
internal/cmd/server/describe.go	0.00%	3 Missing ⚠️
internal/state/state.go	0.00%	3 Missing ⚠️
internal/cmd/firewall/add_rule.go	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️
internal/cmd/firewall/create.go	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️
internal/cmd/server/ssh.go	33.33%	2 Missing ⚠️
internal/state/config/options.go	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️
internal/cmd/base/update.go	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
internal/cmd/server/enable_rescue.go	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #866      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   61.49%   61.47%   -0.03%     
==========================================
  Files         238      238              
  Lines        8529     8532       +3     
==========================================
  Hits         5245     5245              
- Misses       2575     2578       +3     
  Partials      709      709              

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