WIP: Upgrade ForTrilinos and enable TpetraOperator derived type

[sethrj]

This is an initial implementation of the callback functionality for the Tpetra operator. I've included a skeleton for a unit test that demonstrates its use. This MR supersedes #220 , most of #207 (aside from the int/logical type conversions), and the largest parts of #217.

Closes #163, #177, #185, #219

[sethrj]

@aprokop To get the builds to pass, unfortunately you'll have to remove the -std=f2003 flag:

   call c_f_pointer(cptr=fself_ptr, fptr=handle)
                                        1
Error: TS 29113/TS 18508: Noninteroperable array FPTR at (1) to C_F_POINTER: Expression is a noninteroperable derived type
/scratch/source/trilinos/release/packages/ForTrilinos/src/tpetra/src/fortpetra.f90:6323:38:

 call c_f_pointer(cptr=fself_ptr, fptr=handle)
                                      1
Error: TS 29113/TS 18508: Noninteroperable array FPTR at (1) to C_F_POINTER: Expression is a noninteroperable derived type

This error is bogus, and is being fixed in the latest GCC, https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=84924 . But it'll be a while before any compiler sees that fix.

[aprokop]

Hmm, it explains the gcc failure. Flang compiles fine, but the failure of the test is probably due to missing functionality.

[aprokop]

I'd like to keep the flag to make sure we don't accidentally use any Fortran 2008 features. Ideally, the gcc folks would backport the patch into older compiler versions. But a) it unclear whether that would be done, and b) it may take a long time to get it to Ubuntu. I could switch to one of the recent gcc's once the patch is upstream. Should be easy with Spack. In the mean time, I probably need to follow @sethrj' advice and disable the flag. If I recall correctly, Flang just outright ignores that flag anyway.

[sethrj]

FWIW I'm continuing to build the SWIG test suite with -std=f2003 so we should have at least some assurance of no F2008 features with that.

[sethrj]

All the useful parts of this have been incorporated into master.